Xu Tianxiang, Zhang Hailin, Gong Jie, Wang Ling, Wang Yongsheng, Qiu Weiwen, Liu Muxing, Li Shenglong, Fei Yuanhang, Li Qi, Ni Xin, Yi Jun, Huang Chuanqin
Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Hefeng County Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Work Station, Enshi 445000, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 27;14(15):2326. doi: 10.3390/plants14152326.
Investigating the factors influencing rice grain yield (GY) is critical for optimizing nitrogen (N) management and enhancing resource use efficiency in rice cultivation. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the factors affecting rice GY, considering an entire influence chain encompassing rice N uptake, growth indicators, and GY components. In this study, field experiment with six different N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 225, and 300 kg N ha, i.e., N0, N60, N120, N180, N225, and N300) was conducted in the Jianghan Plain in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China, to comprehensively elucidate the factors influencing rice GY from aspects of rice N uptake, growth indicators, and GY components and determine the optimal N fertilizer rate. The results showed that rice GY and N uptake initially increased and then either stabilized or declined with higher N fertilizer rate, while apparent N loss escalated with increased N fertilizer rate. The application of N fertilizer significantly promoted the increase in straw N uptake, which was significantly positively correlated with growth indicators ( < 0.05). Among all GY components, panicle number per hill was the most significant positive factor influencing rice GY, and it was significantly positively correlated with all rice growth indicators ( < 0.05). In addition, N180 was the optimal N fertilizer rate, ensuring more than 95% of maximum GY and reducing N loss by 74% and 39% compared to N300, respectively. Meanwhile, the average N balance for N180 remained below 60 kg N ha. In conclusion, optimizing the N fertilizer application in paddy fields can effectively maintain stable rice GY and minimize environmental pollution.
研究影响水稻产量（GY）的因素对于优化氮肥管理和提高水稻种植中的资源利用效率至关重要。然而，很少有研究全面调查影响水稻GY的因素，考虑到包括水稻氮素吸收、生长指标和GY构成要素的完整影响链。本研究在中国长江中游江汉平原进行了六种不同氮肥施用量（0、60、120、180、225和300 kg N ha，即N0、N60、N120、N180、N225和N300）的田间试验，以从水稻氮素吸收、生长指标和GY构成要素方面全面阐明影响水稻GY的因素，并确定最佳氮肥施用量。结果表明，水稻GY和氮素吸收最初随氮肥施用量增加而增加，然后趋于稳定或下降，而表观氮损失随氮肥施用量增加而上升。氮肥的施用显著促进了秸秆氮素吸收的增加，秸秆氮素吸收与生长指标显著正相关（<0.05）。在所有GY构成要素中，每穴穗数是影响水稻GY的最显著正因素，且与所有水稻生长指标显著正相关（<0.05）。此外，N180是最佳氮肥施用量，与N300相比，能确保达到最大GY的95%以上，同时分别减少74%和39%的氮损失。同时，N180的平均氮平衡保持在60 kg N ha以下。总之，优化稻田氮肥施用可有效维持水稻GY稳定并减少环境污染。
