Advances of Peptides for Plant Immunity.

Plant peptides, as key signaling molecules, play pivotal roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review focuses on research progress in plant peptides involved in plant immunity, providing a detailed classification of immunity-related plant polypeptides, including small post-translationally modified peptides, cysteine-rich peptides, and non-cysteine-rich peptides. It discusses the mechanisms by which plant polypeptides confer disease resistance, such as their involvement in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and regulation of hormone-mediated defense pathways. Furthermore, it explores potential agricultural applications of plant polypeptides, including the development of novel biopesticides and enhancement of crop disease resistance via genetic engineering. By summarizing current research, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth studies on peptide-mediated disease resistance and offer innovative insights for plant disease control.