Sun Jingyu, Zhao Rongji, Cicchella Antonio
Sports and Health Research Center, Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
International College of Football, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;13(15):1864. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13151864.
The mental and physical health of college students, especially in urban environments like Shanghai, is crucial given the high academic and urban stressors, which were intensified by the COVID-19 lockdown. Prior research has shown gender differences in health impacts during public health crises, with females often more vulnerable to mental health issues. : This study aimed to comprehensively assess the physical and psychological health of Chinese college students post-lockdown, focusing on the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression, sleep patterns, and physical health, with a particular emphasis on gender differences. : We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 116 students in Shanghai, utilizing psychological scales (HAMA, IPAQ, PSQI, SDS, FS 14, PSS, SF-36) and physical fitness tests (resting heart rate, blood pressure, hand grip, forced vital capacity, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, one-minute sit-up test and the one-minute squat test, single-leg stand test with eyes closed), to analyze health and behavior during the pandemic lockdown. All students have undergone the same life habits during the pandemic. : The HAMA scores indicated no significant levels of physical or mental anxiety. The PSS results (42.45 ± 8.93) reflected a high overall stress level. Furthermore, the PSQI scores (5.4 ± 2.91) suggested that the participants experienced mild insomnia. The IPAQ scores indicated higher levels of job-related activity (1261.49 ± 2144.58), transportation activity (1253.65 ± 987.57), walking intensity (1580.78 ± 1412.20), and moderate-intensity activity (1353.03 ± 1675.27) among college students following the lockdown. Hand grip strength (right) ( = 0.001), sit-and-reach test ( = 0.001), standing long jump ( = 0.001), and HAMA total score ( = 0.033) showed significant differences between males and females. Three principal components were identified in males: HAMA, FS14, and PSQI, explaining a total variance of 70.473%. Similarly, three principal components were extracted in females: HAMA, PSQI, and FS14, explaining a total variance of 69.100%. : Our study underscores the complex interplay between physical activity (PA), mental health, and quality of life, emphasizing the need for gender-specific interventions. The persistent high stress, poor sleep quality, and reduced PA levels call for a reorganized teaching schedule to enhance student well-being without increasing academic pressure.
大学生的身心健康，尤其是在像上海这样的城市环境中，鉴于高学业压力和城市压力因素，且因新冠疫情封锁而加剧，至关重要。先前的研究表明，在公共卫生危机期间健康影响存在性别差异，女性往往更容易出现心理健康问题。本研究旨在全面评估疫情封锁后中国大学生的身心健康，重点关注压力、焦虑、抑郁、睡眠模式和身体健康之间的关系，特别强调性别差异。我们对上海的116名学生进行了一项横断面研究，使用心理量表（汉密尔顿焦虑量表、国际体力活动问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、抑郁自评量表、症状自评量表、压力量表、健康调查简表）和体能测试（静息心率、血压、握力、肺活量、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、一分钟仰卧起坐测试和一分钟深蹲测试、闭眼单腿站立测试），以分析疫情封锁期间的健康状况和行为。所有学生在疫情期间都经历了相同的生活习惯。汉密尔顿焦虑量表得分表明不存在明显的身体或精神焦虑水平。压力量表结果（42.45±8.93）反映出总体压力水平较高。此外，匹兹堡睡眠质量指数得分（5.4±2.91）表明参与者存在轻度失眠。国际体力活动问卷得分表明，封锁后大学生的工作相关活动水平（1261.49±2144.58）、交通活动水平（1253.65±987.57）、步行强度（1580.78±1412.20）和中等强度活动水平（1353.03±1675.27）较高。握力（右手）（=0.001）、坐位体前屈测试（=0.001）、立定跳远（=0.001）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表总分（=0.033）在男性和女性之间存在显著差异。在男性中确定了三个主要成分：汉密尔顿焦虑量表、症状自评量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数，解释的总方差为70.473%。同样，在女性中提取了三个主要成分：汉密尔顿焦虑量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和症状自评量表，解释的总方差为69.100%。我们的研究强调了身体活动、心理健康和生活质量之间复杂的相互作用，并强调了针对性别进行干预的必要性。持续的高压力、差的睡眠质量和降低的身体活动水平要求重新安排教学时间表，以在不增加学业压力的情况下提高学生的幸福感。
