Li Bo, Han Shan-Shan, Ye Yu-Peng, Li Ya-Xing, Meng Shu-Qiao, Feng Shuo, Li Han, Cui Zhong-Lei, Zhang Yang-Sheng, Zhang Yao, Zhang Qing, Wang Guang-Xu, Lou Hu, Zhu Weidong, Liu Yang
Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
Athletic Training Academy, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31614. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80034-9.
This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health (MH), specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, among Chinese university students. It also aimed to analyze the influencing factors of MH, providing a theoretical foundation for developing intervention programs to improve college students' mental health.
A stratified, clustered, and phased sampling method was employed. In September 2022, a survey was conducted among 36,756 university students from 104 higher education institutions across 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. The participants' PA behaviors, sleep patterns, depressive symptoms (use the CES-D), anxiety symptoms (use the GAD-7), smoking and drinking behaviors, and demographic information were assessed through an online questionnaire using Questionnaire Star software.
A total of 30,475 valid questionnaires were completed. The proportion of university students engaging in light-intensity PA was 77.6%. The prevalence of insufficient sleep was 39.5%, whereas the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 16.7%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10%, and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 23.3%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that engaging in moderate to high-intensity PA and having sufficient and high-quality sleep were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.207-0.800, P < 0.01), whereas appropriate sleep duration and higher sleep quality were associated with a lower likelihood of anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.134-0.827, P < 0.001).
The intensity of PA among university students is predominantly light, and the reported rate of insufficient sleep is relatively high. Moderate to high-intensity PA and sufficient high-quality sleep may alleviate MH issues among college students, with an interaction effect observed among PA, sleep, and depression symptoms. Future studies should further explore targeted interventions combining PA and sleep behaviors to enhance the MH of university students.
本研究旨在调查中国大学生的身体活动（PA）、睡眠和心理健康（MH）水平，特别是抑郁、焦虑和压力状况。研究还旨在分析影响心理健康的因素，为制定改善大学生心理健康的干预方案提供理论基础。
采用分层、整群、分阶段抽样方法。2022年9月，对来自中国31个省、自治区、直辖市104所高等院校的36756名大学生进行了调查。通过问卷星软件以在线问卷的方式评估参与者的身体活动行为、睡眠模式、抑郁症状（使用CES-D）、焦虑症状（使用GAD-7）、吸烟和饮酒行为以及人口统计学信息。
共完成有效问卷30475份。参与轻度身体活动的大学生比例为77.6%。睡眠不足的患病率为39.5%，而睡眠质量差的患病率为16.7%。抑郁症状的患病率为10%，焦虑症状的患病率为23.3%。二元逻辑回归分析显示，进行中高强度身体活动以及拥有充足且高质量的睡眠与抑郁症状发生可能性较低相关（OR = 0.207 - 0.800，P < 0.01），而适当的睡眠时间和较高的睡眠质量与焦虑症状发生可能性较低相关（OR = 0.134 - 0.827，P < 0.001）。
大学生的身体活动强度主要为轻度，睡眠不足报告率相对较高。中高强度身体活动和充足的高质量睡眠可能缓解大学生的心理健康问题，身体活动、睡眠和抑郁症状之间存在交互作用。未来研究应进一步探索结合身体活动和睡眠行为的针对性干预措施，以提高大学生的心理健康水平。
