González-Gómez Álvaro, Cantone Martina, García-Muñoz Ana María, Victoria-Montesinos Desirée, Lucas-Abellán Carmen, Serrano-Martínez Ana, Muñoz-Morillas Alejandro M, Morillas-Ruiz Juana M
Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Centro de Salud Hellín II, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), 02400 Hellín, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 29;17(15):2468. doi: 10.3390/nu17152468.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Being overweight and obesity are major public health concerns that demand effective nutritional strategies for weight and body composition management. Beyond excess weight, these conditions are closely linked to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, all of which contribute to cardiometabolic risk. Polyphenols-bioactive compounds in plant-based foods-may support improvements in body composition and metabolic health by modulating gut microbiota, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of polyphenol-rich interventions on gut microbiota composition, in combination with either oxidative stress or inflammatory biomarkers, and their potential impact on body composition in overweight or obese adults.
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science was conducted through May 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials included adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) receiving polyphenol-rich interventions, with reported outcomes on gut microbiota and at least one inflammatory or oxidative stress biomarker. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using a random-effects model.
Thirteen trials ( = 670) met inclusion criteria. Polyphenol supplementation significantly reduced circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs; SMD = -0.56; 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.02; < 0.04), indicating improved gut barrier function. Effects on cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and CRP were inconsistent. Catalase activity improved significantly (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.28; < 0.001), indicating enhanced antioxidant defense. Gut microbiota analysis revealed increased butyrate (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.96; < 0.001) and acetate (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.75; < 0.01), supporting prebiotic effects. However, no significant changes were observed in BMI or body weight.
Polyphenol supplementation in overweight or obese adults may reduce metabolic endotoxemia, boost antioxidant activity, and promote SCFAs production. Effects on inflammation and body weight remain unclear. Further long-term trials are needed.
背景/目的：超重和肥胖是主要的公共卫生问题，需要有效的营养策略来管理体重和身体成分。除了体重超标外，这些状况还与慢性炎症、氧化应激和肠道菌群失调密切相关，所有这些都会增加心血管代谢风险。多酚类物质（植物性食物中的生物活性化合物）可能通过调节肠道微生物群、减轻氧化应激和抑制炎症来帮助改善身体成分和代谢健康。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估富含多酚的干预措施对肠道微生物群组成的影响，以及与氧化应激或炎症生物标志物的联合作用，及其对超重或肥胖成年人身体成分的潜在影响。
截至2025年5月，对PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane和科学网进行了系统检索。符合条件的随机对照试验包括接受富含多酚干预措施的成年人（BMI≥25kg/m²），报告了肠道微生物群以及至少一种炎症或氧化应激生物标志物的结果。使用随机效应模型汇总标准化平均差（SMD）。
13项试验（n = 670）符合纳入标准。补充多酚显著降低了循环脂多糖（LPS；SMD = -0.56；95%CI：-1.10至-0.02；P < 0.04），表明肠道屏障功能得到改善。对细胞因子（IL-6、TNF-α）和CRP的影响不一致。过氧化氢酶活性显著提高（SMD = 0.79；95%CI：0.30至1.28；P < 0.001），表明抗氧化防御增强。肠道微生物群分析显示丁酸盐（SMD = 0.57；95%CI：0.18至0.96；P < 0.001）和乙酸盐（SMD = 0.42；95%CI：0.09至0.75；P < 0.01）增加，支持益生元效应。然而，BMI或体重未观察到显著变化。
超重或肥胖成年人补充多酚可能会降低代谢性内毒素血症、增强抗氧化活性并促进短链脂肪酸的产生。对炎症和体重的影响仍不明确。需要进一步的长期试验。
