Jiménez-García Katia L, Cervantes-Escárcega José L, Canul-Medina Gustavo, Lisboa-Nascimento Telma, Jiménez-Trejo Francisco
Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Angels of Pedregal Hospital, Mexico City 10700, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 24;26(15):7124. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157124.
Serotoninomics is an expanding field that focuses on the comprehensive study of the serotoninergic system, including serotonin's biosynthesis, metabolism, and regulation, as well as related scientific methodologies 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This field explores serotonin's complex roles in various physiological and pathological contexts. The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is a precursor for several metabolic and catabolic pathways, with the kynurenine (KYN) pathway being particularly significant, representing about 95% of Trp metabolism. In contrast, only a small portion (1-2%) of dietary Trp enters the serotonin pathway. Anthranilic acid (AA), a metabolite in the KYN pathway, has emerged as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Elevated serum AA levels in patients with schizophrenia have been associated with neurotoxic effects and disruptions in neurotransmission, suggesting AA's critical role in the disorder's pathophysiology. Furthermore, the 5-HT receptor's involvement is particularly noteworthy, especially in relation to schizophrenia's positive symptoms. Recent findings indicate that 5-HT receptor hyperactivity is linked to positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions. This study investigates serotoninomics' implications for neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on AA in schizophrenia and analysing recent research on serotonin signalling pathways and AA's neurochemical effects. Understanding the roles of the 5-HT receptor and AA in neuropsychiatric disorders could lead to the development of more precise and less invasive diagnostic tools, specific therapeutic strategies, and improved clinical outcomes. Ongoing research is essential to uncover these pathways' exact mechanisms and therapeutic potential, thereby advancing personalised medicine and innovative treatments in neuropsychiatry.
血清素组学是一个不断发展的领域，专注于对血清素能系统进行全面研究，包括血清素的生物合成、代谢和调节，以及相关科学方法5-羟色胺（5-HT）。该领域探索血清素在各种生理和病理背景下的复杂作用。必需氨基酸色氨酸（Trp）是多种代谢和分解代谢途径的前体，其中犬尿氨酸（KYN）途径尤为重要，约占Trp代谢的95%。相比之下，膳食Trp只有一小部分（1-2%）进入血清素途径。KYN途径中的代谢产物邻氨基苯甲酸（AA）已成为精神分裂症的潜在生物标志物和治疗靶点。精神分裂症患者血清AA水平升高与神经毒性作用和神经传递紊乱有关，表明AA在该疾病的病理生理学中起关键作用。此外，5-HT受体的参与尤其值得注意，特别是与精神分裂症的阳性症状相关。最近的研究结果表明，5-HT受体活性过高与精神分裂症的阳性症状如幻觉和妄想有关。本研究调查血清素组学对神经精神疾病的影响，重点关注精神分裂症中的AA，并分析血清素信号通路和AA神经化学效应的最新研究。了解5-HT受体和AA在神经精神疾病中的作用可能会导致开发更精确、侵入性更小的诊断工具、特定的治疗策略，并改善临床结果。持续的研究对于揭示这些途径的确切机制和治疗潜力至关重要，从而推动神经精神病学的个性化医学和创新治疗。
