Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 1;23(17):9968. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179968.
In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various detrimental influences on patients. Tryptophan is an important amino acid that plays an indisputable role in several physiological processes, including neuronal function and immunity. Tryptophan's metabolism process in the human body occurs using different pathways, including the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. Furthermore, other biologically active components, such as serotonin, melatonin, and niacin, are by-products of Tryptophan pathways. Current evidence suggests that a functional imbalance in the synthesis of Tryptophan metabolites causes the appearance of pathophysiologic mechanisms that leads to various neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the pharmacological influences of tryptophan and its metabolites on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, tryptophan and its metabolites quantification following the neurotransmitters precursor are highlighted. Eventually, the efficiency of various biomarkers such as inflammatory, protein, electrophysiological, genetic, and proteomic biomarkers in the diagnosis/treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders was discussed to understand the biomarker application in the detection/treatment of various diseases.
在最近几十年中，神经精神疾病，如重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍等，已成为全球关注的健康问题，对患者造成了各种不利影响。色氨酸是一种重要的氨基酸，在包括神经元功能和免疫在内的几个生理过程中发挥着不可争议的作用。人体中色氨酸的代谢过程通过不同的途径发生，包括犬尿氨酸途径和血清素途径。此外，其他生物活性成分，如血清素、褪黑素和烟酸，是色氨酸途径的副产物。目前的证据表明，色氨酸代谢物合成的功能失衡导致出现导致各种神经精神疾病的病理生理机制。本综述总结了色氨酸及其代谢物对神经精神疾病发展的药理学影响。此外，还强调了神经递质前体后色氨酸及其代谢物的定量。最终，讨论了各种生物标志物（如炎症、蛋白质、电生理、遗传和蛋白质组学标志物）在神经精神疾病诊断/治疗中的效率，以了解生物标志物在各种疾病检测/治疗中的应用。
