Nunkoo Vharoon Sharma, Jurcau Anamaria, Les Mihaela, Cristian Alexander, Militaru Marius, Marge Cristian, Iovanovici Diana Carina, Jurcau Maria Carolina
Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii Street nr 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Decembrie Square nr 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 27;26(15):7268. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157268.
With a rapidly growing incidence and prevalence, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly becoming one of the most disabling, lethal, and expensive diseases of the century. To diagnose AD as early as possible, the scientific world struggles to find reliable and non-invasive biomarkers that could predict the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to AD and delineate the ongoing pathogenic vicious pathways to be targeted with therapy. Research supports the use of blood biomarkers, such as Aβ/Aβ ratio, phosphorylated tau181, and p-tau217 for diagnostic purposes, although the cut-offs are not clearly established and can depend on the assays used. For more accurate diagnosis, markers of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light) and neuroinflammation (glial fibrillary acidic protein) could be introduced in the biomarker panel. The recent approval of the Lumipulse G p-tau217/Aβ plasma ratio by the FDA for the early detection of amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease in adult patients, aged 55 years and older, exhibiting signs and symptoms of the disease represents a significant advancement in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, offering a more accessible and less invasive way to diagnose this devastating disease and allow potentially earlier access to treatment options.
随着发病率和患病率的迅速上升,阿尔茨海默病(AD)正迅速成为本世纪最具致残性、致命性且花费高昂的疾病之一。为了尽早诊断AD,科学界努力寻找可靠且非侵入性的生物标志物,这些标志物能够预测轻度认知障碍向AD的转化,并描绘出可作为治疗靶点的持续致病恶性循环途径。研究支持将血液生物标志物用于诊断目的,例如Aβ/Aβ比值、磷酸化tau181和p-tau2l7,尽管其临界值尚未明确确定,且可能取决于所使用的检测方法。为了进行更准确的诊断,可在生物标志物组合中引入神经退行性变标志物(神经丝轻链)和神经炎症标志物(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)。美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)最近批准了Lumipulse G p-tau217/Aβ血浆比值用于早期检测55岁及以上出现AD体征和症状的成年患者中与阿尔茨海默病相关的淀粉样斑块,这代表了阿尔茨海默病诊断方面的重大进展,提供了一种更易获得且侵入性更小的方式来诊断这种毁灭性疾病,并可能使患者更早获得治疗选择。
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