Beecher Kate, Kulasegaran Tivya, Lakhani Sunil R, McCart Reed Amy E
UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 28;26(15):7300. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157300.
Precision oncology, also known as personalized oncology or precision medicine, is the tailoring of cancer treatment to individual patients based on the specific genetic, molecular, and other unique characteristics of their tumor. The goal of precision oncology is to optimize the effectiveness of cancer treatment while minimizing toxicities and improving patient outcomes. Precision oncology recognizes that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and that each patient's tumor has a distinct genetic diversity. Precision medicine individualizes therapy by using information from a patient's tumor in the context of clinical history to determine optimal therapeutic approaches and increasing numbers of drugs target specific tumor alterations. Several targeted therapies with approved companion diagnostics are commercially available, the of precision oncology, where predictive biomarkers guide clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. However, many therapies still lack clear biomarkers, the , posing a challenge to fully realizing the promise of precision oncology. Herein, we describe the current state of the art for breast cancer precision oncology and highlight the therapeutic agents that require a more robust biomarker.
精准肿瘤学，也被称为个性化肿瘤学或精准医学，是根据个体患者肿瘤的特定基因、分子及其他独特特征来定制癌症治疗方案。精准肿瘤学的目标是在将毒性降至最低并改善患者预后的同时，优化癌症治疗的效果。精准肿瘤学认识到癌症是一种高度异质性的疾病，并且每个患者的肿瘤都有独特的基因多样性。精准医学通过在临床病史背景下利用患者肿瘤的信息来实现治疗个体化，以确定最佳治疗方法，并且越来越多的药物针对特定的肿瘤改变。几种具有获批伴随诊断的靶向疗法已上市，在精准肿瘤学中，预测性生物标志物指导临床决策并改善预后。然而，许多疗法仍然缺乏明确的生物标志物，这对充分实现精准肿瘤学的前景构成了挑战。在此，我们描述了乳腺癌精准肿瘤学的当前技术水平，并强调了需要更强大生物标志物的治疗药物。
