乳腺癌亚型中RIF1及其他转录本的可变剪接失调

Dysregulated Alternative Splicing in Breast Cancer Subtypes of RIF1 and Other Transcripts.

作者信息

Parker Emma, Akintche Laura, Pyatnitskaya Alexandra, Hiraga Shin-Ichiro, Donaldson Anne D

机构信息

Chromosome & Cellular Dynamics Section, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 29;26(15):7308. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157308.

Abstract

Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer, often driven by mutations and altered expression of genome maintenance factors involved in DNA replication and repair. Rap1 Interacting Factor 1 (RIF1) plays a crucial role in genome stability and is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Cells express two RIF1 splice variants, RIF1-Long and RIF1-Short, which differ in their ability to protect cells from DNA replication stress. Here, we investigate differential expression and splicing of RIF1 in cancer cell lines following replication stress and in patients using matched normal and tumour data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Overall expression is altered in several cancer types, with increased transcript levels in colon and lung cancers. also exhibits distinct splicing patterns, particularly in specific breast cancer subtypes. In Luminal A (LumA), Luminal B (LumB), and HER2-enriched breast cancers (HER2E), Exon 31 tends to be excluded, favouring RIF1-Short expression and correlating with poorer clinical outcomes. These breast cancer subtypes also tend to exclude other short exons, suggesting length-dependent splicing dysregulation. Basal breast cancer also shows exon exclusion, but unlike other subtypes, it shows no short-exon bias. Surprisingly, however, in basal breast cancer, Exon 31 is not consistently excluded, which may impact prognosis since RIF1-Long protects against replication stress.

摘要

基因组不稳定是癌症的一个标志,通常由参与DNA复制和修复的基因组维持因子的突变和表达改变所驱动。Rap1相互作用因子1(RIF1)在基因组稳定性中起关键作用,并与癌症发病机制有关。细胞表达两种RIF1剪接变体,RIF1-Long和RIF1-Short,它们在保护细胞免受DNA复制应激的能力上有所不同。在这里,我们利用来自癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)的匹配正常和肿瘤数据,研究了复制应激后癌细胞系以及患者中RIF1的差异表达和剪接情况。在几种癌症类型中,RIF1的总体表达发生了改变,在结肠癌和肺癌中转录水平升高。RIF1还表现出不同的剪接模式,特别是在特定的乳腺癌亚型中。在腔面A型(LumA)、腔面B型(LumB)和HER2富集型乳腺癌(HER2E)中,外显子31倾向于被排除,有利于RIF1-Short的表达,并与较差的临床结果相关。这些乳腺癌亚型也倾向于排除其他短外显子,表明存在长度依赖性剪接失调。基底样乳腺癌也显示出外显子排除,但与其他亚型不同的是,它没有短外显子偏向性。然而,令人惊讶的是,在基底样乳腺癌中,外显子31并非始终被排除,这可能会影响预后,因为RIF1-Long可抵御复制应激。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8897/12347697/768009c2e1de/ijms-26-07308-g001.jpg

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