Zakaria Achraf, Diawara Idrissa, Bouziyane Amal, Louanjli Noureddine
Research Laboratory of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Allergology and Pathogen Surveillance (LARMIAS), Mohammed VI Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca 82403, Morocco.
LABOMAC IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Casablanca 20080, Morocco.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 5;26(15):7544. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157544.
Male infertility is a multifactorial condition often associated with disruptions in sperm metabolism and mitochondrial function, yet traditional semen analysis provides limited insight into these molecular mechanisms. Understanding sperm bioenergetics and metabolic dysfunctions is crucial for improving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as asthenozoospermia and azoospermia. This systematic review synthesizes recent literature, focusing on advanced tools and techniques-including omics technologies, advanced imaging, spectroscopy, and functional assays-that enable comprehensive molecular assessment of sperm metabolism and development. The reviewed studies highlight the effectiveness of metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics in identifying metabolic biomarkers linked to male infertility. Non-invasive imaging modalities such as Raman and magnetic resonance spectroscopy offer real-time metabolic profiling, while the seminal microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in modulating sperm metabolic health. Despite these advances, challenges remain in clinical validation and implementation of these techniques in routine infertility diagnostics. Integrating molecular metabolic assessments with conventional semen analysis promises enhanced diagnostic precision and personalized therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving reproductive outcomes. Continued research is needed to standardize biomarkers and validate clinical utility. Furthermore, these metabolic tools hold significant potential to elucidate the underlying causes of previously misunderstood and unexplained infertility cases, offering new avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
男性不育是一种多因素疾病，常与精子代谢和线粒体功能紊乱有关，但传统的精液分析对这些分子机制的了解有限。了解精子生物能量学和代谢功能障碍对于改善弱精子症和无精子症等疾病的诊断和治疗至关重要。本系统综述综合了近期文献，重点关注先进的工具和技术，包括组学技术、先进成像、光谱学和功能测定，这些技术能够对精子代谢和发育进行全面的分子评估。综述的研究强调了代谢组学、蛋白质组学和转录组学在识别与男性不育相关的代谢生物标志物方面的有效性。拉曼光谱和磁共振光谱等非侵入性成像方式可提供实时代谢谱，而精液微生物群在调节精子代谢健康方面的作用也越来越受到认可。尽管取得了这些进展，但在这些技术的临床验证以及在常规不育诊断中的应用方面仍存在挑战。将分子代谢评估与传统精液分析相结合有望提高诊断精度并实现个性化治疗方法，最终改善生殖结局。需要持续研究来标准化生物标志物并验证临床效用。此外，这些代谢工具在阐明先前被误解和无法解释的不育病例的根本原因方面具有巨大潜力，为诊断和治疗提供了新途径。
