Choma Jerzy, Szczęśniak Barbara, Jaroniec Mietek
Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
Molecules. 2025 Jul 25;30(15):3125. doi: 10.3390/molecules30153125.
Conventional methods for the synthesis of porous carbons are typically time- and energy-consuming and often contribute to the excessive accumulation of waste solvents. An alternative approach is to employ environmentally friendly procedures, such as mechanochemical synthesis, which holds great potential for large-scale production of advanced carbon-based materials in coming years. This review covers mechanochemical syntheses of highly porous carbons, with a particular focus on new adsorbents and catalysts that can be obtained from biomass. Mechanochemically assisted methods are well suited for producing highly porous carbons (e.g., ordered mesoporous carbons, hierarchical porous carbons, porous carbon fibers, and carbon-metal composites) from tannins, lignin, cellulose, coconut shells, nutshells, bamboo waste, dried flowers, and many other low-cost biomass wastes. Most mechanochemically prepared porous carbons are proposed for applications related to adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. This review aims to offer researchers insights into the potential utilization of biowastes, facilitating the development of cost-effective strategies for the production of porous carbons that meet industrial demands.
传统的多孔碳合成方法通常既耗时又耗能，还常常导致废溶剂过度积累。另一种方法是采用环境友好型工艺，比如机械化学合成，这种方法在未来几年大规模生产先进碳基材料方面具有巨大潜力。本综述涵盖了高孔隙率碳的机械化学合成，特别关注可从生物质中获得的新型吸附剂和催化剂。机械化学辅助方法非常适合从单宁、木质素、纤维素、椰壳、坚果壳、竹废料、干花以及许多其他低成本生物质废料中制备高孔隙率碳（如有序介孔碳、分级多孔碳、多孔碳纤维和碳-金属复合材料）。大多数通过机械化学方法制备的多孔碳被建议用于吸附、催化和能量存储相关的应用。本综述旨在为研究人员提供有关生物废料潜在利用的见解，促进制定符合工业需求的低成本多孔碳生产策略。
