Qin Xinna, Zhao Lina, Zhang Yang, Shi Jiyong, Tahir Haroon Elrasheid, Xu Xuechao, Zheng Kaiyi, Zou Xiaobo
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
Foods. 2025 Jul 26;14(15):2622. doi: 10.3390/foods14152622.
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides screened by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) methods, which are widely used in food analysis. Aptamers have the advantages of low molecular weight, ease of preparation, simplicity of chemical modification, and structural stability. Aptamers generated by SELEX are typically 80-100 bases in length, and the affinity of the aptamer can be improved by sequence optimization. Methods of aptamer optimization commonly include truncation, mutation, and chemical modification, and molecular docking, molecular dynamics, circular dichroism, and isothermal titration to assess often the binding performance of the aptamer to the target. Optimized aptamers usually enhance the affinity of the aptamer for the target and increase its sensitivity in the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, fungal toxins, pathogenic bacteria, and other objects. This paper focuses on truncation, mutation, chemical modification, the introduction of rare nucleotides, and computer-aided design. It provides an overview of non-immobilized optimization metrics.
适体是通过指数富集配体系统进化（SELEX）方法筛选出的单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸，广泛应用于食品分析。适体具有分子量低、易于制备、化学修饰简单和结构稳定等优点。通过SELEX产生的适体通常长度为80-100个碱基，并且可以通过序列优化提高适体的亲和力。适体优化方法通常包括截短、突变、化学修饰，以及用于评估适体与靶标结合性能的分子对接、分子动力学、圆二色性和等温滴定量热法。优化后的适体通常会增强其对靶标的亲和力，并提高其在检测农药、重金属、真菌毒素、病原菌和其他物质时的灵敏度。本文重点介绍截短、突变、化学修饰、稀有核苷酸的引入和计算机辅助设计。它概述了非固定化优化指标。
