Qin Yadi, Shen Jing, Qin Yanan, Hayilati Bubiajiaer, Yao Jun, Zhang Minwei
School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Dec 3:1-33. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2436647.
Aptamer-based biosensors with a low cost and high specificity have been widely applied in diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. However, aptamer-based biosensors still suffer from insufficient specificity or affinity owing to the inherent constraints of the thermodynamic and kinetic binding properties of aptamers. Therefore, optimization technologies for various aptamers have been proposed to obtain high-affinity aptamers for constructing high-performance biosensors. In this review, emerging technologies for aptamer screening are summarized, followed by a focus on analyzing methods for aptamer optimization, including ligand truncation, mutation, splitting, elongation, chemical modification, and potential mechanisms. Portable aptamer-integrated optical and electrochemical devices applied to food safety point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms are reviewed to provide a reference for addressing the lack of convenience faced by aptasensors. Finally, future challenges and directions of aptamer optimization technology are discussed for further research and development in food safety detection.
低成本、高特异性的基于适配体的生物传感器已广泛应用于诊断、食品安全和环境监测领域。然而，由于适配体热力学和动力学结合特性的内在限制，基于适配体的生物传感器仍存在特异性或亲和力不足的问题。因此，人们提出了各种适配体优化技术，以获得高亲和力适配体，用于构建高性能生物传感器。在这篇综述中，总结了适配体筛选的新兴技术，随后重点分析了适配体优化的方法，包括配体截短、突变、拆分、延长、化学修饰及其潜在机制。综述了应用于食品安全即时检测（POCT）平台的便携式集成适配体的光学和电化学装置，为解决适配体传感器面临的便利性不足问题提供参考。最后，讨论了适配体优化技术未来面临的挑战和发展方向，以期为食品安全检测的进一步研究和开发提供参考。
