Probiotics have been widely explored for their potential in managing hyperuricemia. However, their isolation and identification are fundamental prerequisites for practical application. In this study, 254 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from Chinese sauerkraut and screened for probiotic potential based on genomic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as nucleoside-degrading activity relevant to decrease serum urate. Among them, () F42 exhibited the highest bile salt tolerance (survivor rate: 19.46 ± 4.33%), strong adhesion to Caco-2 cells (1.89 ± 0.12%), effective nucleoside degradation (inosine: 5.46 ± 0.67 mg∙L∙min; guanosine: 3.84 ± 0.11 mg∙L∙min), and notable anti-listeria activity (inhibition zone: 6.9 ± 0.3 mm). Based on its functional profile, F42 was selected as a promising probiotic candidate for further investigation of its urate-lowering effects. This work provides a new insight into anti-hyperuricemia probiotic selection based on nucleoside-degrading activity.