Nunn Elliott J, Natrajan Louise S, Quinn Mark K
Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 23;25(15):4560. doi: 10.3390/s25154560.
The use of pressure-sensitive paints (PSPs), an optical oxygen sensing technique, to visualise and measure the surface pressure on vehicle models in wind tunnel testing is becoming increasingly prevalent. Porphyrins have long been the standard luminophore for PSP formulations, with the majority employing the red-emitting platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorphenyl)-porphyrin. nIR-emitting luminophores, such as Pt(II) tetraphenyl tetrabenzoporphyrins, possess distinct advantages over visible emitting luminophores. In particular, they have wider spectrally useful 'windows', facilitating the insertion of a secondary visible emitting temperature-sensitive luminophore to be used for internal calibration without spectral crosstalk that detrimentally impacts PSP performance. In this work, we explore the effect of changing the loading quantity of an nIR-emitting -CF Pt(II) benzoporphyrin luminophore on the performance of PSP formulations. An optimal luminophore loading of 1.28% wt/wt benzoporphyrin luminophore to polystyrene binder was identified, resulting in a low temperature sensitivity at 100 kPa of 0.61%/K and a large pressure sensitivity at 293 K of 0.740%/kPa. These strong performance metrics, for a polystyrene-based PSP, demonstrate the efficacy of benzoporphyrin luminophores as an attractive luminophore option for the development of a new generation of high-performance PSP formulations that outperform current commercially available ones.
压敏漆（PSP）作为一种光学氧传感技术，在风洞试验中用于可视化和测量车辆模型表面压力的应用正变得越来越普遍。卟啉长期以来一直是PSP配方的标准发光体，大多数配方采用发射红色光的铂（II）-5,10,15,20-四（2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯基）卟啉。近红外发射发光体，如铂（II）四苯基四苯并卟啉，相对于可见光发射发光体具有明显优势。特别是，它们具有更宽的光谱可用“窗口”，便于插入二次可见光发射温度敏感发光体用于内部校准，而不会产生对PSP性能有不利影响的光谱串扰。在这项工作中，我们探讨了改变近红外发射的-CF铂（II）苯并卟啉发光体的负载量对PSP配方性能的影响。确定了苯并卟啉发光体与聚苯乙烯粘合剂的最佳负载量为1.28%重量/重量，在100 kPa时低温灵敏度为0.61%/K，在293 K时压力灵敏度为0.740%/kPa。对于基于聚苯乙烯的PSP而言，这些强大的性能指标证明了苯并卟啉发光体作为一种有吸引力的发光体选项，对于开发新一代高性能PSP配方（其性能优于当前市售产品）的有效性。
