Fernandes Sofia, Oliveira Bruna, Sacadura Sofia, Rakasi Cristina, Furtado Isabel, Figueiredo João Paulo, Gonçalves Rui Soles, Martins Anabela Correia
Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal.
H&TR-Health & Technology Research Center, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Aug 4;25(15):4795. doi: 10.3390/s25154795.
Virtual reality (VR), often used with motion sensors, provides interactive tools for physiotherapy aimed at enhancing motor functions. This systematic review examined the effects of VR-based interventions, alone or combined with conventional physiotherapy (PT), on balance and gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Following PRISMA guidelines, eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2019 and April 2025 were included. Interventions lasted between 5 and 12 weeks and were grouped as VR alone or VR combined with PT. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro Scale.
Of the 31 comparisons for balance and gait, 30 were favored by the experimental group, with 12 reaching statistical significance. Secondary outcomes (function, cognition, and quality of life) showed mixed results, with 6 comparisons favoring the experimental group (3 statistically significant) and 4 favoring the control group (1 statistically significant). Overall, the studies showed fair to good quality and a moderate risk of bias.
VR-based interventions, particularly when combined with PT, show promise for improving balance and gait in PD. However, the evidence is limited by the small number of studies, heterogeneity of protocols, and methodological constraints. More rigorous, long-term trials are needed to clarify their therapeutic potential.
虚拟现实（VR）常与运动传感器配合使用，为旨在增强运动功能的物理治疗提供交互式工具。本系统评价考察了基于VR的干预措施单独或与传统物理治疗（PT）联合使用对帕金森病（PD）患者平衡和步态的影响。
遵循PRISMA指南，纳入了2019年1月至2025年4月发表的8项随机对照试验（RCT）。干预持续5至12周，分为单独使用VR或VR与PT联合使用。使用PEDro量表评估方法学质量。
在31项关于平衡和步态的比较中，30项结果有利于实验组，其中12项达到统计学显著性。次要结局（功能、认知和生活质量）结果不一，6项比较有利于实验组（3项具有统计学显著性），4项有利于对照组（1项具有统计学显著性）。总体而言，这些研究质量为中等至良好，存在中度偏倚风险。
基于VR的干预措施，尤其是与PT联合使用时，有望改善PD患者的平衡和步态。然而，由于研究数量少、方案异质性和方法学限制，证据有限。需要更严格的长期试验来阐明其治疗潜力。
