Periyasamy Thirukumaran, Asrafali Shakila Parveen, Lee Jaewoong
Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;17(15):2092. doi: 10.3390/polym17152092.
Benzoxazine resins are gaining attention for their impressive thermal stability, low water uptake, and strong mechanical properties. In this work, two new bio-based benzoxazine monomers were developed using renewable arbutin: one combined with 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (AB), and the other with furfurylamine (AF). Both were synthesized using a simple Mannich-type reaction and verified through FT-IR and H-NMR spectroscopy. By blending these monomers in different ratios, copolymers with adjustable thermal, dielectric, and surface characteristics were produced. Thermal analysis showed that the materials had broad processing windows and cured effectively, while thermogravimetric testing confirmed excellent heat resistance-especially in AF-rich blends, which left behind more char. The structural changes obtained during curing process were monitored using FT-IR, and XPS verified the presence of key elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and silicon. SEM imaging revealed that AB-based materials had smoother surfaces, while AF-based ones were rougher; the copolymers fell in between. Dielectric testing showed that increasing AF content raised both permittivity and loss, and contact angle measurements confirmed that surfaces ranged from water-repellent (AB) to water-attracting (AF). Overall, these biopolymers (AB/AF copolymers) synthesized from arbutin combine environmental sustainability with customizability, making them strong candidates for use in electronics, protective coatings, and flame-resistant composite materials.
苯并恶嗪树脂因其出色的热稳定性、低吸水性和强大的机械性能而备受关注。在这项工作中，利用可再生的熊果苷开发了两种新型生物基苯并恶嗪单体：一种与3-(2-氨乙基氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷（AB）结合，另一种与糠胺（AF）结合。两者均通过简单的曼尼希型反应合成，并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和氢核磁共振光谱（H-NMR）进行了验证。通过以不同比例混合这些单体，制备出了具有可调节热性能、介电性能和表面特性的共聚物。热分析表明，这些材料具有较宽的加工窗口且固化效果良好，而热重分析测试证实了其优异的耐热性，尤其是在富含AF的共混物中，其残炭更多。利用FT-IR监测了固化过程中获得的结构变化，X射线光电子能谱（XPS）验证了碳、氧、氮和硅等关键元素的存在。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）成像显示，基于AB的材料表面更光滑，而基于AF的材料表面更粗糙；共聚物则介于两者之间。介电测试表明，增加AF含量会提高介电常数和损耗角正切，接触角测量证实表面从疏水（AB）到亲水（AF）不等。总体而言，这些由熊果苷合成的生物聚合物（AB/AF共聚物）将环境可持续性与可定制性相结合，使其成为电子、防护涂料和阻燃复合材料应用的有力候选材料。
