Chen Rui, Kang Qin, Ning Yudong
Department of Otolaryngology, Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao, China.
Deparment of Plastic Surgery, Rizhao Dermatology Hospital, Rizhao, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jul 30;16:1632378. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1632378. eCollection 2025.
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases, the current treatment of malignant tumors has entered the era of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has made great progress in the treatment of malignant tumors, but many patients have limited response to treatment. The search for new molecular biomarkers to evaluate the immunotherapy efficacy is particularly important. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive method that has the advantage of providing real-time disease information to cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by parental cells, contain important molecules associated with cell growth, proliferation and migration, which are regarded as the targets of liquid biopsy. In addition, EVs also participate in the information communication in tumor immune microenvironment, and are important molecular markers for monitoring the cancer immunotherapy efficacy. In this review, we summarize the challenges of conventional detection methods for EVs, and the advantages of nanotechnology detection of EVs. The important role of EVs in tumor immune microenvironment was discussed and the potential clinical significance of EVs in monitoring and predicting cancer immunotherapy response was summarized.
癌症是最具挑战性的疾病之一，当前恶性肿瘤的治疗已进入免疫治疗时代。免疫疗法在恶性肿瘤治疗方面取得了巨大进展，但许多患者对治疗的反应有限。寻找新的分子生物标志物以评估免疫治疗疗效尤为重要。液体活检是一种非侵入性方法，具有为癌症患者提供实时疾病信息的优势。由亲代细胞释放的细胞外囊泡（EVs）含有与细胞生长、增殖和迁移相关的重要分子，被视为液体活检的靶点。此外，EVs还参与肿瘤免疫微环境中的信息交流，是监测癌症免疫治疗疗效的重要分子标志物。在本综述中，我们总结了EVs传统检测方法面临的挑战以及纳米技术检测EVs的优势。讨论了EVs在肿瘤免疫微环境中的重要作用，并总结了EVs在监测和预测癌症免疫治疗反应方面的潜在临床意义。
