Ghosn Marie, Haddad Chadia, Rabil Jean-Marc, Haddad Georges
Department of Psychology, University of Balamand Kalhat, Al Koura, P.O box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
Schizophr Res Cogn. 2025 Aug 6;42:100385. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100385. eCollection 2025 Dec.
In recent decades, social cognition has become a central focus in schizophrenia research. Multiple previous studies reported impairments in multiple social cognitive domains. One particular domain of social cognition affected in schizophrenia is "Theory of Mind (TOM). The objective of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of ToM impairments within the schizophrenia population and compare TOM performance between individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a matched healthy control group.
a cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2024 and September 2024 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (HPC) in Lebanon that explored TOM abilities in 146, chronic Lebanese schizophrenia inpatients and 50 healthy controls, using the Arabic translation of the "TOM-15," a False Belief Task.
A significant difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls was found, with the patient group scoring poorer on both first-order, and second-order false belief and in the comprehension control task of the TOM-15. Furthermore, among the patient population, impairments in second-order false belief were more pronounced than first-order. Performance on the BACS scale for neuro-cognition showed moderate associations with performance on the TOM-15. Multivariable analysis revealed a negative association between depression and second-order tasks as well as females outperforming males in TOM-15, especially in the second-order task.
The results revealed significant TOM impairments in patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls, with greater difficulties observed in second-order false belief tasks.
近几十年来，社会认知已成为精神分裂症研究的核心焦点。此前多项研究报告了多个社会认知领域的损害。精神分裂症中受影响的一个特定社会认知领域是“心理理论（TOM）”。本研究的目的是检查精神分裂症患者群体中心理理论损害的异质性，并比较精神分裂症患者与匹配的健康对照组在心理理论任务上的表现。
2024年6月至2024年9月在黎巴嫩十字精神病院（HPC）进行了一项横断面研究，使用“TOM - 15”（一项错误信念任务）的阿拉伯语翻译，探究了146名黎巴嫩慢性精神分裂症住院患者和50名健康对照者的心理理论能力。
发现精神分裂症患者与健康对照组之间存在显著差异，患者组在一阶和二阶错误信念以及TOM - 15的理解控制任务上得分更低。此外，在患者群体中，二阶错误信念的损害比一阶更为明显。神经认知的BACS量表表现与TOM - 15的表现呈中度关联。多变量分析显示抑郁与二阶任务之间存在负相关，并且在TOM - 15中女性表现优于男性，尤其是在二阶任务中。
结果显示，与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者存在显著的心理理论损害，在二阶错误信念任务中观察到更大的困难。
