Kabiru Sa'adu Saifullahi, Khe Cheng Seong, Abd Shukur Muhammad Fadhlullah, Chong Kwok Feng, Lai Chin Wei, You Kok Yeow, Nik Roseley Nik Roselina, Aboelazm Eslam
Department of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
Center of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
R Soc Open Sci. 2025 Aug 13;12(8):250919. doi: 10.1098/rsos.250919. eCollection 2025 Aug.
With the rising demand for efficient, sustainable and scalable energy storage, researchers are continuously exploring innovative materials for next-generation supercapacitors. Among these, transition metal coordination polymer (TMCP)-derived materials have emerged as promising candidates due to their high porosity, redox activity and structural adaptability. These materials offer significant potential for energy storage, but challenges like low electrical conductivity, structural instability and limited charge retention have restricted their widespread application. To overcome these hurdles, researchers have developed transformation strategies such as carbonization, phosphorization, sulfidation and oxide formation, enhancing the conductivity, stability and overall electrochemical performance of TMCPs. This review investigates the latest breakthroughs in TMCP-derived electrode materials, highlighting key advancements in synthesis techniques, structural engineering and hybrid material integration to improve charge transport and long-term durability. The incorporation of green chemistry principles, such as low-temperature synthesis, the use of non-toxic precursors, and strategies for recycling or reducing harmful byproducts, is highlighted, consequently promoting the fabrication of environmentally friendly supercapacitors. Furthermore, it explores how nanostructured designs and composite materials are unlocking new possibilities for high-performance supercapacitors. It also provides a perspective on the future of TMCPs in energy storage by fusing theoretical insights with experimental evidence. Theoretical frameworks like density functional theory and emerging machine learning models are other methods employed to better understand redox behaviour and drive material design. It addresses present issues and suggests viable future directions for their useful application.
随着对高效、可持续和可扩展储能需求的不断增加，研究人员不断探索用于下一代超级电容器的创新材料。其中，过渡金属配位聚合物（TMCP）衍生材料因其高孔隙率、氧化还原活性和结构适应性而成为有前途的候选材料。这些材料在储能方面具有巨大潜力，但诸如低电导率、结构不稳定性和有限的电荷保持能力等挑战限制了它们的广泛应用。为了克服这些障碍，研究人员开发了碳化、磷化、硫化和形成氧化物等转化策略，以提高TMCP的导电性、稳定性和整体电化学性能。本综述研究了TMCP衍生电极材料的最新突破，强调了合成技术、结构工程和混合材料集成方面的关键进展，以改善电荷传输和长期耐久性。突出了绿色化学原理的纳入，如低温合成、使用无毒前驱体以及回收或减少有害副产物的策略，从而促进了环境友好型超级电容器的制造。此外，它还探讨了纳米结构设计和复合材料如何为高性能超级电容器带来新的可能性。它还通过将理论见解与实验证据相结合，对TMCP在储能领域的未来进行了展望。密度泛函理论等理论框架和新兴的机器学习模型是用于更好地理解氧化还原行为和推动材料设计的其他方法。它解决了当前的问题，并为其有效应用提出了可行的未来方向。
