Watanabe Daisuke, Yagasaki Hideaki, Tsukahara Mari, Narusawa Hiromune, Inukai Takeshi
Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, JPN.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 14;17(7):e87902. doi: 10.7759/cureus.87902. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Precise titration of desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; DDAVP) is essential for managing neonatal central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Although oral administration is increasingly considered an alternative to the traditional intranasal route, the differences between DDAVP formulations and administration methods are often unclear in clinical practice. This complicates efforts to establish effective sublingual treatment protocols using oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) in neonates. Here, we present the case of a Japanese neonate with CDI, semilobar holoprosencephaly, and a cleft lip and palate. The patient exhibited hypotonic polyuria, hypernatremia, elevated serum osmolality, and low plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels within the first week of life. At 30 days of age, we dissolved a 60-µg DDAVP ODT in 5 mL of water and administered it sublingually. The initial dose of 3 µg/kg/day was titrated to 2 µg/kg/day based on the patient's clinical response. Close monitoring enabled fine adjustment of dosing. The patient achieved a stable fluid balance and did not exhibit signs of hyponatremia, seizures, or other adverse events. This case supports the potential utility of sublingual DDAVP ODTs in neonates and underscores the necessity of establishing standardized preparation and dosing protocols, which will require further clinical experience.
精确定量去氨加压素(1-脱氨基-8-D-精氨酸加压素;DDAVP)对于管理新生儿中枢性尿崩症(CDI)至关重要。尽管口服给药越来越被视为传统鼻内给药途径的替代方法,但在临床实践中,DDAVP制剂和给药方法之间的差异往往并不明确。这使得在新生儿中使用口腔崩解片(ODT)建立有效的舌下治疗方案变得复杂。在此,我们报告一例患有CDI、半侧叶全前脑畸形以及唇腭裂的日本新生儿病例。该患者在出生后第一周内出现低渗性多尿、高钠血症、血清渗透压升高以及血浆精氨酸加压素(AVP)水平降低。在30日龄时,我们将一片60μg的DDAVP ODT溶解于5mL水中并舌下给药。初始剂量为3μg/kg/天,根据患者的临床反应滴定至2μg/kg/天。密切监测使得剂量能够精确调整。患者实现了稳定的液体平衡,未出现低钠血症、癫痫发作或其他不良事件的迹象。该病例支持舌下DDAVP ODT在新生儿中的潜在效用,并强调了建立标准化制备和给药方案的必要性,这将需要更多的临床经验。