Park Seon-Joo, Chen Lulu, Wallace Taylor C, Lee Hae-Jeung
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2025 Aug;19(4):554-565. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2025.19.4.554. Epub 2025 Mar 24.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Korean population traditionally consumes more iodine-rich seaweeds than Western populations due to dietary culture and geographical location. However, the association between excessive iodine intake and thyroid disease remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between iodine intake and thyroid disease using the largest-scale Korean cohort data.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study utilized data from 190,524 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Iodine intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Iodine intake was classified into quintiles, and the association between iodine intake and the prevalence of thyroid disease was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Of the 190,524 participants, 8,387 (4.40%) were diagnosed with thyroid diseases by a physician. In the total population, higher iodine intake was not associated with an increased risk of thyroid disease after adjusting for confounding variables. Additionally, the odds ratio for the highest iodine intake group compared to the lowest iodine intake group was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1.11; for trend = 0.7434) in men and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85-1.00; for trend = 0.2286) in women.
Excessive iodine consumption was not associated with thyroid disease in Korean adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to assess the long-term effects of iodine intake on thyroid disease.
背景/目的：由于饮食文化和地理位置的原因，韩国人群传统上比西方人群摄入更多富含碘的海藻。然而，碘摄入过量与甲状腺疾病之间的关联仍存在争议。本研究旨在利用韩国最大规模的队列数据评估碘摄入与甲状腺疾病之间的关联。
受试者/方法：本研究使用了韩国基因组与流行病学研究中190,524名参与者的数据。碘摄入量通过经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷进行评估。碘摄入量被分为五个五分位数，并使用多因素逻辑回归分析评估碘摄入与甲状腺疾病患病率之间的关联。
在190,524名参与者中，有8387人（4.40%）被医生诊断患有甲状腺疾病。在总体人群中，在调整混杂变量后，较高的碘摄入量与甲状腺疾病风险增加无关。此外，男性中碘摄入量最高组与最低组相比的比值比为0.89（95%置信区间[CI]，0.71 - 1.11；趋势检验P = 0.7434），女性为0.92（95%CI，0.85 - 1.00；趋势检验P = 0.2286）。
韩国成年人中碘摄入过量与甲状腺疾病无关。需要进一步的纵向研究来评估碘摄入对甲状腺疾病的长期影响。
