Khodabakhshi Adeleh, Rasaei Niloufar, Masoudi Mahmood Reza, Vajdi Mahdi, Razavi Nasab Seyed Ali, Bavi Behbahani Hossein, Akbari Ali, Bazyar Hadi, Dianati Mostafa
Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 16;15(1):29982. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15041-5.
This study investigated the relationship between the dietary antioxidant index (DAI) with pathological markers (tumor size and Ki-67 marker) and the odds of breast cancer in Iranian women. In this matched case-control study, 155 women with breast cancer and 155 cancer-free women (18-70 years old) were recruited from Iran, using a convenience sampling method. Control participants were frequency-matched to cases by 5-year age-group. DAI score was calculated based on dietary data obtained from a 168-item FFQ. Linear regression with adjustment for confounding factors was used to determine the relationship between DAI and pathological markers. Logistic regression, adjusted for confounding factors, was employed to investigate the odds ratio (OR) of breast cancer according to the quantitative and qualitative (quartiles) scores of the DAI, with 95% CI. Logistic regression subgroup according to menopausal status was also performed. A non-significant inverse relationship was observed between DAI score and Ki-67 marker in the crude model and the adjusted models 2 and 3 (p ≥ 0.05). In the crude model, in the second quartile, the odds of breast cancer was significantly reduced compared to the first quartile (OR: 0.50, CI: 0.26-0.96). However, after adjusting for confounding factors in model 2, the odds of breast cancer decreased significantly in the second and third quartiles compared to the first quartile (p < 0.05). Also, by entering the DAI as a quantitative variable in model 3 of logistic regression, a significant decrease in the odds of breast cancer was observed (p = 0.03). In the postmenopausal stage, the odds of breast cancer in the second quartile decreased significantly compared to the first quartile in the crude model. Also, in model 3, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratio of breast cancer in the second and third quartiles was significantly reduced compared to the first quartile (p < 0.05). This study suggests that a higher dietary antioxidant intake, as measured by the DAI, may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in Iranian women and this relationship is more significant in the postmenopausal stage. These findings highlight the potential benefits of dietary antioxidants and warrant further investigation into their role in breast cancer prevention strategies.
本研究调查了伊朗女性的膳食抗氧化指数（DAI）与病理标志物（肿瘤大小和Ki-67标志物）之间的关系以及患乳腺癌的几率。在这项匹配病例对照研究中，采用便利抽样方法从伊朗招募了155名乳腺癌女性患者和155名无癌女性（年龄在18至70岁之间）。对照参与者按5岁年龄组与病例进行频率匹配。DAI得分是根据从一份包含168个条目的食物频率问卷（FFQ）中获取的膳食数据计算得出的。使用对混杂因素进行调整的线性回归来确定DAI与病理标志物之间的关系。采用对混杂因素进行调整的逻辑回归，根据DAI的定量和定性（四分位数）得分来研究乳腺癌的比值比（OR）及95%置信区间（CI）。还根据绝经状态进行了逻辑回归亚组分析。在粗模型以及调整模型2和3中，观察到DAI得分与Ki-67标志物之间存在不显著的负相关关系（p≥0.05）。在粗模型中，与第一四分位数相比，第二四分位数中乳腺癌的几率显著降低（OR：0.50，CI：0.26 - 0.96）。然而，在模型2中对混杂因素进行调整后，与第一四分位数相比，第二和第三四分位数中乳腺癌的几率显著降低（p<0.05）。此外，在逻辑回归模型3中，将DAI作为定量变量纳入后，观察到乳腺癌的几率显著降低（p = 0.03）。在绝经后阶段，粗模型中第二四分位数中乳腺癌的几率与第一四分位数相比显著降低。同样，在模型3中，对混杂因素进行调整后，第二和第三四分位数中乳腺癌的比值比与第一四分位数相比显著降低（p<0.05）。本研究表明，以DAI衡量的较高膳食抗氧化剂摄入量可能与伊朗女性较低的乳腺癌风险相关，且这种关系在绝经后阶段更为显著。这些发现凸显了膳食抗氧化剂的潜在益处，并值得进一步研究它们在乳腺癌预防策略中的作用。
