Computational analysis of entropy generation in EMHD micropolar dusty fluid flow incorporating esterification process.

This article investigates the steady, two-dimensional electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of a micropolar dusty fluid across a linearly stretched surface, subjected to electroosmotic forces, buoyancy-driven convection, and both reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Electrokinetic effects are modeled using the modified Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formulation. At the same time, micropolar fluid theory accounts for microstructural characteristics. The two-phase framework couples momentum, heat, and mass transport with viscous dissipation and entropy generation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and subsequently solved through the shooting method and the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) technique. The model is validated against established results in limiting scenarios. Parametric analysis reveals how the electroosmotic parameter, magnetic and electric fields, and micropolar coupling govern flow behavior, entropy generation, Bejan number, skin friction, and heat transfer. Results reveal that magnetic and micropolar parameters significantly enhance entropy generation and modulate the Bejan number. Elevated electroosmotic and electric parameters promote flow acceleration, boundary-layer thinning, and suppress both microrotation and thermal gradients. This comprehensive model provides new insights into complex multiphase EMHD transport phenomena and holds potential for optimization in applications such as targeted drug delivery, thermal control in EMHD-based energy systems, and electrokinetic microfluidics.