超加工食品摄入量、肥胖与情绪障碍：基于2005年至2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据的一项流行病学研究
Ultra-Processed Food Intake, Obesity, and Mood Disorders: An Epidemiological Study From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2018 Data.
作者信息
Ozojide Kingsley O, Chukwu Victor U, Adeyemo Damilola A, Akinade Omotola, Okobi Okelue E, Lucien Jeff G, Aliu Victoria
机构信息
Public Health, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, GBR.
College of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, NGA.
出版信息
Cureus. 2025 Jul 15;17(7):e87975. doi: 10.7759/cureus.87975. eCollection 2025 Jul.
BACKGROUND
Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has become a prominent dietary pattern in modern populations, raising public health concerns due to its potential role in obesity and mental health disorders. This study examined the association between UPF intake, obesity, and depression among U.S. adults using nationally representative data.
METHODS
Data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2005-2018, yielding a complete-case, weighted sample of 97,983,914 U.S. adults (n = 16,976). Survey-weighted means and proportions were estimated, and subgroup analyses were conducted by sociodemographic and health characteristics. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models assessed the relationships between UPF intake (as a percentage of energy intake) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥ 10). All analyses incorporated NHANES's complex sampling design using STATA version 18 (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA).
RESULTS
The mean UPF intake was 22.36% (95% CI: 21.72-23.01). Higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with increased odds of depression (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01; p < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, weight, gender, physical activity, and race/ethnicity. However, no significant association was found between UPF intake and obesity (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00; p = 0.32). Linear regression results confirmed a positive association between UPF and PHQ-9 scores (β = 0.010; p < 0.001), but only a minimal relationship with BMI (β = 0.002; p < 0.05). Subgroup differences in UPF intake were observed by gender, physical activity, and mental health status.
CONCLUSION
Higher UPF intake is associated with increased depressive symptoms but not with obesity after controlling for confounding variables. These findings emphasize the potential mental health implications of ultra-processed dietary patterns and support public health strategies aimed at reducing UPF consumption to promote psychological well-being.
背景
超加工食品（UPF）的消费已成为现代人群中一种显著的饮食模式，因其在肥胖和心理健康障碍中可能发挥的作用而引发了公众对健康的担忧。本研究使用具有全国代表性的数据，考察了美国成年人中超加工食品摄入量、肥胖与抑郁症之间的关联。
方法
数据取自2005 - 2018年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）周期，得到一个完整案例、加权后的97,983,914名美国成年人样本（n = 16,976）。估计了调查加权均值和比例，并按社会人口统计学和健康特征进行了亚组分析。多变量逻辑回归和线性回归模型评估了超加工食品摄入量（占能量摄入的百分比）与肥胖（BMI≥30 kg/m²）和抑郁症（患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）得分≥10）之间的关系。所有分析均使用STATA 18版（美国德克萨斯州大学站市StataCorp公司）纳入了NHANES的复杂抽样设计。
结果
超加工食品的平均摄入量为22.36%（95%置信区间：21.72 - 23.01）。即使在调整了年龄、体重、性别、身体活动和种族/民族因素后，较高的超加工食品消费量与抑郁症患病几率增加显著相关（OR = 1.01；95%置信区间：1.00 - 1.01；p < 0.001）。然而，未发现超加工食品摄入量与肥胖之间存在显著关联（OR = 1.00；95%置信区间：0.99 - 1.00；p = 0.32）。线性回归结果证实超加工食品与PHQ-9得分之间存在正相关（β = 0.010；p < 0.001），但与BMI的关系极小（β = 0.002；p < 0.05）。在性别、身体活动和心理健康状况方面观察到了超加工食品摄入量的亚组差异。
结论
在控制混杂变量后，较高的超加工食品摄入量与抑郁症状增加有关，但与肥胖无关。这些发现强调了超加工饮食模式对心理健康的潜在影响，并支持旨在减少超加工食品消费以促进心理健康的公共卫生策略。
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