Neonatal gene therapy effectively prevents disease manifestations in a murine model of Mucopolysaccharidosis type I.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is a rare pediatric disease caused by mutations in the α-L-iduronidase () gene encoding for a lysosomal enzyme involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism. While newborns with the severe Hurler variant are usually asymptomatic at birth, progressive disease manifestations emerge early in life. Since previous studies on lentiviral vector gene therapy (GT) in Hurler patients have demonstrated superior metabolic correction and early beneficial clinical effects, we investigated whether applying this GT approach during the neonatal period could be effective in preventing disease pathology before it becomes irreversible. Thus, newborn MPS-I mice were transplanted with affected bone marrow-derived progenitor cells transduced with an IDUA-encoding lentiviral vector. Treated animals displayed increased IDUA levels, significantly reducing substrate accumulation in analyzed organs, indicating metabolic correction. Skeletal manifestations, typically resistant to conventional therapies, showed improvements at radiographic and histological levels post-treatment. Additionally, a decrease in brain cortex vacuolization and inflammation suggested neurological amelioration. Overall, this study provides a proof of principle demonstrating the effectiveness of neonatal GT in MPS-I mice and supports its potential for further optimization at the pre-clinical level.