Sarakul Orawan, Boonhok Rachasak, Somsak Voravuth
School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2025 Aug 7;2025:8736555. doi: 10.1155/adpp/8736555. eCollection 2025.
Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The development of resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are effective but face emerging resistance issues. This study explores the antimalarial efficacy of leaf extract (AME) when combined with artesunate (ART), chloroquine (CQ), and pyrimethamine (PYR) in -infected ICR mice. Fresh leaves were processed to produce a crude ethanolic extract. ART, CQ, and PYR were prepared and administered to ICR mice infected with ANKA. The study evaluated the parasitemia levels and survival rates, comparing combination treatments to monotherapies. The combination treatments were analyzed for synergistic interactions. Results indicated that AME alone exhibited significant antimalarial activity, especially at higher doses. The combination of AME with ART and PYR demonstrated significant synergistic effects, achieving over 90% inhibition of parasitemia and significantly prolonging mean survival times up to 30 days. However, the combination of AME with CQ did not show synergistic effects. These findings suggest that AME, particularly in combination with ART or PYR, could enhance antimalarial efficacy and offer a promising alternative to current treatments, potentially mitigating drug resistance issues. Further research is warranted to validate these combinations and explore their mechanisms of action.
疟疾仍然是一项重大的全球卫生挑战，特别是在热带和亚热带地区，因为其发病率和死亡率很高。对传统抗疟药物产生耐药性凸显了对新型治疗方法的迫切需求。以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法（ACTs）是有效的，但面临新出现的耐药性问题。本研究探讨了叶提取物（AME）与青蒿琥酯（ART）、氯喹（CQ）和乙胺嘧啶（PYR）联合应用于感染的ICR小鼠时的抗疟效果。将新鲜叶加工制成粗乙醇提取物。制备ART、CQ和PYR并给予感染ANKA的ICR小鼠。该研究评估了寄生虫血症水平和存活率，将联合治疗与单一疗法进行比较。分析联合治疗的协同相互作用。结果表明，单独使用AME具有显著的抗疟活性，尤其是在较高剂量时。AME与ART和PYR的联合显示出显著的协同作用，实现了超过90%的寄生虫血症抑制率，并显著延长平均存活时间至30天。然而，AME与CQ的联合未显示协同作用。这些发现表明，AME，特别是与ART或PYR联合使用时，可提高抗疟效果，并为当前治疗提供有前景的替代方案，可能减轻耐药性问题。有必要进行进一步研究以验证这些联合用药并探索其作用机制。
