Chen Yifan, Chen Guanlin, Liang Yinglin, Huang Haiyan, Cai Yefeng, Ni Xiaojia
The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/State Key Laboratory of Dampnesss Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 1;12:1586106. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1586106. eCollection 2025.
Metabolic diseases and obesity are highly prevalent, and diet plays a key role in their prevention and management. This study aimed to characterise the nutrient intake, dietary behaviours, and patterns of the South Chinese population and examine their associations with metabolic profiles and obesity measures.
Data for this study were obtained from a cross-sectional study involving participants residing in Guangdong Province, China. Demographic information, disease history, nutrient intake, and dietary behaviours were collected via face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. Metabolic profiles and obesity levels were assessed via clinical laboratory tests, physical examinations, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was used to identify dietary patterns, while descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were employed to characterise diets and assess their associations with metabolic profiles and obesity measures.
A total of 330 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 53.62 years. Males accounted for 50.9% of the participants. The majority of participants preferred rice as their staple food and regularly consumed fresh vegetables. Red meat was frequently eaten, while white meat was consumed often. Seafood, legumes, and Cantonese soup were consumed occasionally, whereas traditional Chinese ultra-processed foods such as dairy and pasta were rarely consumed. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified in the study. The modern Cantonese dietary pattern was characterised by the consumption of white meat, eggs, milk, aquatic products, fresh fruits, vegetables, and Cantonese slow-cooked soup. The traditional Cantonese dietary pattern was defined by a high intake of traditional Chinese ultra-processed foods. Meanwhile, the localised Western dietary pattern featured the consumption of pasta, breakfast foods, coffee, and Cantonese desserts. The modern Cantonese dietary pattern was associated with a lower likelihood of dyslipidaemia than the traditional Cantonese dietary pattern, while the localised Western dietary pattern was linked to a reduced likelihood of glucose metabolism disorders and visceral obesity. Notably, these associations remained significant even among participants without a prior diagnosis of diabetes.
This study characterised the dietary patterns of the South Chinese population and found that modern Cantonese dietary patterns appeared to be associated with lower odds of dyslipidaemia, while localised Western dietary patterns were potentially linked to a reduced likelihood of glucose metabolism disorders or visceral obesity.
代谢性疾病和肥胖症极为普遍，饮食在其预防和管理中起着关键作用。本研究旨在描述中国南方人群的营养摄入、饮食行为和模式，并探讨它们与代谢特征及肥胖指标之间的关联。
本研究数据来自一项涉及居住在中国广东省参与者的横断面研究。通过使用结构化问卷进行面对面访谈，收集人口统计学信息、疾病史、营养摄入和饮食行为。通过临床实验室检查、体格检查和生物电阻抗分析评估代谢特征和肥胖水平。主成分因子分析（PCFA）用于识别饮食模式，同时采用描述性统计、相关性分析和二元逻辑回归来描述饮食并评估它们与代谢特征和肥胖指标的关联。
本研究共纳入330名参与者，平均年龄为53.62岁。男性占参与者的50.9%。大多数参与者偏好米饭作为主食，并经常食用新鲜蔬菜。红肉经常食用，而白肉也常被食用。海鲜、豆类和广东汤偶尔食用，而乳制品和面食等传统中国超加工食品很少食用。研究中识别出三种不同的饮食模式。现代广东饮食模式的特点是食用白肉、鸡蛋、牛奶、水产品、新鲜水果、蔬菜和广东慢炖汤。传统广东饮食模式的定义是大量摄入传统中国超加工食品。同时，本地化西方饮食模式的特点是食用面食、早餐食品、咖啡和广东甜点。与传统广东饮食模式相比，现代广东饮食模式与血脂异常的可能性较低相关，而本地化西方饮食模式与葡萄糖代谢紊乱和内脏肥胖的可能性降低有关。值得注意的是，即使在没有糖尿病前期诊断的参与者中，这些关联仍然显著。
本研究描述了中国南方人群的饮食模式，发现现代广东饮食模式似乎与血脂异常几率较低相关，而本地化西方饮食模式可能与葡萄糖代谢紊乱或内脏肥胖的可能性降低有关。
