Cavailles Jerome, Kuzmics Christoph, Grube Martin
Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Department of Economics, University of Graz, Universitätsstrasse 15/F4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Behav Ecol. 2025 Aug 16;36(4):araf023. doi: 10.1093/beheco/araf023. eCollection 2025 Jul-Aug.
Individuals of a species cope with environmental variability through behavioral adjustments driven by individuals' responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Three key empirical observations have been made for many animal species: The of different degrees of responsiveness within one species; the of an individual's degree of responsiveness across time; and the of an individual's degree of responsiveness across contexts. Taking up key elements of existing approaches, we provide one unifying explanation for all three observations, by identifying a unique evolutionarily stable strategy of an appropriately defined game within a stochastic environment that has all three features. Coexistence is explained by a form of negative frequency dependence. Consistency and correlation is explained through potentially small, individual, differences of states animals have and the resulting differential advantages they can get from it. Our results allow us to identify a variety of testable implications.
一个物种的个体通过个体对环境刺激的反应所驱动的行为调整来应对环境变化。对于许多动物物种，已经有三个关键的实证观察结果：一个物种内不同程度反应性的 ；个体反应程度随时间的 ；以及个体反应程度在不同环境中的 。我们采纳现有方法的关键要素，通过在具有所有这三个特征的随机环境中确定一个适当定义的博弈的独特进化稳定策略，为所有这三个观察结果提供一个统一的解释。共存通过一种负频率依赖形式来解释。一致性和相关性通过动物所具有的状态的潜在微小个体差异以及它们由此能获得的不同优势来解释。我们的结果使我们能够确定各种可检验的含义。
