He Ya, Chen Zhuo, Gao Qiwei, Feng Junrun, Hao Zhangxiang
School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
Small. 2025 Aug 18:e06244. doi: 10.1002/smll.202506244.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) represent viable options for large-scale energy storage, attributed to their high theoretical capacity, availability of resources, and intrinsic safety features. However, the zinc-water interface poses significant challenges including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, which considerably restrict battery performance. This review systematically examines organic additive strategies for zinc anode interface regulation in AZIBs. Structure-property relationships are established correlating molecular design with interfacial behavior through three fundamental mechanisms, which are electric double layer (EDL) modulation, solvation structure optimization via coordination effects, and controlled solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. The review analyzes adsorption mechanisms of organic additives, distinguishing between physical adsorption-based and SEI-forming additives, where the former dynamically modulates the interfacial environment, while the latter establishes durable protective layers. Multifunctional additives integrating multiple regulatory mechanisms demonstrate superior performance optimization. Comparative analysis reveals that liquid organic additives excel in solvation structure regulation, whereas solid additives show advantages in interfacial adsorption and SEI engineering. Through systematic analysis of reported molecules, design principles are established linking molecular features to interfacial properties, providing guidance for rational development of next-generation organic additives in high-performance AZIBs.
水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）因其高理论容量、资源可用性和固有安全特性，成为大规模储能的可行选择。然而，锌-水界面带来了重大挑战，包括枝晶生长、析氢和腐蚀，这极大地限制了电池性能。本文综述系统地研究了用于水系锌离子电池锌负极界面调控的有机添加剂策略。通过三种基本机制建立了结构-性能关系，将分子设计与界面行为相关联，这三种机制分别是双电层（EDL）调制、通过配位效应优化溶剂化结构以及可控固体电解质界面（SEI）形成。本文综述分析了有机添加剂的吸附机制，区分了基于物理吸附的添加剂和形成SEI的添加剂，前者动态调节界面环境，而后者建立持久的保护层。整合多种调控机制的多功能添加剂表现出卓越的性能优化。对比分析表明，液体有机添加剂在溶剂化结构调控方面表现出色，而固体添加剂在界面吸附和SEI工程方面具有优势。通过对已报道分子的系统分析，建立了将分子特征与界面性质联系起来的设计原则，为高性能水系锌离子电池中下一代有机添加剂的合理开发提供了指导。
