Wang Danyang, Tang Ying, Peng Hui, Ma Guofu
Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
ChemSusChem. 2025 Oct 1;18(19):e202501387. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202501387. Epub 2025 Aug 13.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. However, practical applications are hindered by challenges, such as zinc (Zn) dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), and other side reactions. This review systematically explores the role of electrolyte additives in addressing these limitations by modulating Zn deposition behavior, suppressing parasitic reactions, and enhancing interfacial stability. Additives are categorized by function: dendrite-inhibiting (e.g., alcohols, surfactants, inorganic salts), interface-stabilizing (ion/ solid-electrolyte interphase-forming agents, pH buffers), ion-transport-optimizing, bioinspired (e.g., trehalose, erythritol), and multifunctional synergistic types. Their mechanisms involve restructuring the Zn solvated sheath (e.g., displacing HO), forming protective layers (hydrophobic/zincophilic interfaces), suppressing HER/corrosion, and regulating ion flux/deposition uniformity. Future research directions emphasize the development of cost-effective, stable additives, and interdisciplinary approaches to advance AZIBs toward commercialization. This review provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for designing high-performance AZIBs.
水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）因其固有的安全性、成本效益和环境兼容性，已成为下一代储能系统的有前途的候选者。然而，实际应用受到诸如锌（Zn）枝晶形成、析氢反应（HER）和其他副反应等挑战的阻碍。本文综述系统地探讨了电解质添加剂在解决这些限制方面的作用，通过调节锌沉积行为、抑制寄生反应和增强界面稳定性。添加剂按功能分类：枝晶抑制型（如醇类、表面活性剂、无机盐）、界面稳定型（离子/固体电解质界面形成剂、pH缓冲剂）、离子传输优化型、仿生型（如海藻糖、赤藓糖醇）和多功能协同型。它们的作用机制包括重构锌溶剂化鞘层（如取代HO）、形成保护层（疏水/亲锌界面）、抑制析氢反应/腐蚀以及调节离子通量/沉积均匀性。未来的研究方向强调开发具有成本效益、稳定的添加剂，以及跨学科方法，以推动水系锌离子电池走向商业化。本文综述为设计高性能水系锌离子电池提供了全面的理论基础和战略指导。
