Tariq Hafsah, Samad Abdul, Jan Saadullah, Mazhar Asjad Hafiz Muhammad, Khan Jawad Akbar, Bugti Farah Sabeen, Naeem Muhammad, Rahim Bugti Abdul, Ayoub Adnan
Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College University Lahore. Pakistan.
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2025 Jul-Aug;38(4):1354-1367. doi: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14048.1.
Extensive drug resistance (XDR) S. typhi have been evaluated in patients with gastrointestinal disturbance who attended multiple tertiary care hospitals in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Blood samples of total of 480 patients were obtained and S. typhi was isolated and verified by PCR. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of 1, 2 line antibiotics, 3 generation cephalosporin and azithromycin were identified by PCR. Among 65 PCR confirmed S. typhi cases, 18(27%) were Multidrug resistance (MDR), 25(38%) XDR, 13 (20%) Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and only 4(6%) Azithromycin-resistant XDR S. typhi. The high frequency was observed for the antibiotics-resistant genes catA1, bla (100%), dhfr7 (95%), sul1 (98%), gyrA, gyrB, parC (93%) and qnrS and parE 100% each. The frequency of bla and acrB were 78% and 6% respectively. We found high burden of MDR, XDR and ESBLs S. typhi. The AMR genes were similar to those of the regional countries. Azithromycin resistance was low could be a drug of choice against XDR S. typhi in the study area. The study provided the molecular profile of AMR S. typhi in Quetta, capital of Balochistan province of Pakistan.
在巴基斯坦俾路支省奎达多家三级医疗机构就诊的胃肠道疾病患者中，对广泛耐药（XDR）伤寒沙门氏菌进行了评估。共采集了480名患者的血样，分离出伤寒沙门氏菌并通过PCR进行验证。对分离株进行药敏试验，并通过PCR鉴定1、2线抗生素、第三代头孢菌素和阿奇霉素的耐药（AMR）基因。在65例经PCR确诊的伤寒沙门氏菌病例中，18例（27%）为多重耐药（MDR），25例（38%）为XDR，13例（20%）为超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL），仅4例（6%）为阿奇霉素耐药XDR伤寒沙门氏菌。观察到抗生素耐药基因catA1、bla（100%）、dhfr7（95%）、sul1（98%）、gyrA、gyrB、parC（93%）以及qnrS和parE的频率均为100%。bla和acrB的频率分别为78%和6%。我们发现MDR、XDR和ESBLs伤寒沙门氏菌的负担很高。AMR基因与该地区国家的相似。阿奇霉素耐药率较低，可能是研究地区针对XDR伤寒沙门氏菌的首选药物。该研究提供了巴基斯坦俾路支省省会奎达AMR伤寒沙门氏菌的分子概况。
