Zhang Chen, Tang Ming, Subramaniyan Rajasirpi, Jiang Yuewei, Sheng Yehua
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education of PRC), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Cogn Process. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.1007/s10339-025-01298-1.
Sketch maps are the external representations of people's cognition of the geographical environment. Previous research on extracting invariant information from sketch maps has proposed various spatial relation methods, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative relations. However, sketch maps can encode varieties of spatial knowledge and distortions. This paper summarizes the frequently occurring distortions in urban sketch maps, such as shape, scale, and position distortions. Building on our previous work, we analyzed the differences caused by various distortions on bidimensional regression and order relations (Point Algebra and coarse Interval Algebra), and summarized the characteristics of these methods. We evaluated the methods on a total of 30 sketch maps derived from landmark knowledge, route knowledge, and survey knowledge, and provided recommendations on the use of methods for different types of sketch maps. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrated that combining bidimensional regression and order relations allows for a better assessment of the sketch map accuracy. We believe that an in-depth analysis of various types of sketch maps and distortions can provide new insights for sketch map alignment.
草图是人们对地理环境认知的外部表现形式。先前关于从草图中提取不变信息的研究提出了各种空间关系方法，包括定性和定量关系。然而，草图可以编码各种空间知识和变形。本文总结了城市草图中经常出现的变形，如形状、比例和位置变形。基于我们之前的工作，我们分析了各种变形对二维回归和顺序关系（点代数和粗区间代数）造成的差异，并总结了这些方法的特点。我们在总共30张从地标知识、路线知识和测量知识中得出的草图上对这些方法进行了评估，并针对不同类型的草图给出了方法使用建议。此外，实验表明，将二维回归和顺序关系相结合能够更好地评估草图的准确性。我们认为，对各种类型的草图和变形进行深入分析可以为草图对齐提供新的见解。
