Sarkar Pratima, Nath Rohan, Adhikary Prity, Bhattacharjee Arindam
Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, 734013, India.
West Bengal State Council of Technical and Vocational Education and Skill Development, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Curr Genet. 2025 Aug 18;71(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s00294-025-01321-0.
With the day to day increase in energy consumption due to increase in urbanization production of bioethanol is highly in demand. At this point where the traditional methods are not able to suffice the demands due to its high cost and low productivity, new methods need to be developed. This review aims to understand the importance and the regulation of ADH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae because Adh2p is the only enzyme that initiates the reaction for the conversion of ethanol, the end product of fermentation to acetaldehyde. The effect of glucose on regulatory mechanisms of Alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH2) with respect to Snf1 kinase, Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and CCR4 (Carbon Catabolite Repression) pathway on S. cerevisiae are discussed. Snf1 is a serine threonine kinase which is inactive in presence of high glucose concentrations and gets activated in low glucose environments which in turn affects the transcription of ADH2 by controlling the upstream TFs (Transcription Factors). TOR pathway is an essential signalling network that senses the availability of nutrients, mostly glucose and amino acids. This gets activated in presence of glucose. TORC1 regulates the transcription of ADH2 via various downstream transcription factors like Sch9p, Rim15, etc. Another global transcription factor CCR4, regulates ADH2 by acting directly upon its promoter region. The unique function of Adh2p in yeast metabolism, has directed numerous research work making it a vital target. Genetic manipulation of ADH2 gene has proved to be beneficial for food, bioethanol industry.
随着城市化进程的加快，能源消耗日益增加，生物乙醇的生产需求也大幅增长。在传统方法因其高成本和低生产率无法满足需求的情况下，需要开发新的方法。本综述旨在了解酿酒酵母中ADH2的重要性和调控机制，因为Adh2p是唯一启动将发酵终产物乙醇转化为乙醛反应的酶。讨论了葡萄糖对酿酒酵母中酒精脱氢酶II（ADH2）的调控机制相对于Snf1激酶、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）和CCR4（碳代谢物阻遏）途径的影响。Snf1是一种丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶，在高葡萄糖浓度下无活性，在低葡萄糖环境中被激活，进而通过控制上游转录因子（TFs）影响ADH2的转录。TOR途径是一个重要的信号网络，可感知营养物质的可用性，主要是葡萄糖和氨基酸。它在葡萄糖存在时被激活。TORC1通过各种下游转录因子如Sch9p、Rim15等调节ADH2的转录。另一个全局转录因子CCR4通过直接作用于其启动子区域来调节ADH2。Adh2p在酵母代谢中的独特功能引发了众多研究工作，使其成为一个重要靶点。对ADH2基因的基因操作已被证明对食品、生物乙醇行业有益。
