Hamid Naima, Sultan Marriya, Junaid Muhammad, Cairns Stuart, Robertson Iain, Javed Houda, Pei De-Sheng
School of Mathematics and Science, Community College of Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21222, United States; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2025 Oct;287:107541. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107541. Epub 2025 Aug 14.
Plastics have significantly contributed to modern conveniences owing to their ease of use, stability, and adaptability. However, the fragmentation of plastics into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) poses significant environmental risks. These micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) can adsorb various pollutants and pathogens, potentially posing significant ecological risks. This review critically examines the natural organic matter (NOM) in mitigating the toxicity of MNPs in both marine and freshwater species. Evidence suggests that NOM facilitates the formation of an eco-corona (EC) on MNPs, thereby reducing toxicity. Reduced toxicity attributed to EC formation has been observed in various freshwater species, such as Danio rerio and Daphnia magna, as well as marine species, including sea urchins, European sea bass, and marine algae. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM), particularly fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA), significantly mitigates the toxic effects of MNPs, with HA exhibiting a strong protective effect. The interactions between MNPs and NOM, including the formation of the EC, which encompasses a protein corona component, are pivotal in understanding toxicity mitigation in aquatic environments. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the interactions between MNPs and NOM, and their role in mitigating toxicity across marine and freshwater ecosystems.
由于其易用性、稳定性和适应性，塑料对现代便利生活做出了重大贡献。然而，塑料破碎成微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）带来了重大的环境风险。这些微（纳）塑料（MNPs）可以吸附各种污染物和病原体，可能构成重大的生态风险。本文综述批判性地研究了天然有机质（NOM）在减轻海洋和淡水物种中MNPs毒性方面的作用。有证据表明，NOM促进了MNPs上生态冠（EC）的形成，从而降低了毒性。在各种淡水物种（如斑马鱼和大型蚤）以及海洋物种（包括海胆、欧洲海鲈和海藻）中，都观察到了因EC形成而导致的毒性降低。天然有机质（NOM）的存在，特别是富里酸（FA）和腐殖酸（HA），显著减轻了MNPs的毒性影响，其中HA表现出很强的保护作用。MNPs与NOM之间的相互作用，包括EC的形成（其中包括蛋白质冠成分），对于理解水生环境中的毒性减轻至关重要。本文综述强调需要进一步研究，以阐明MNPs与NOM之间的相互作用，以及它们在减轻海洋和淡水生态系统中毒性方面的作用。
