Maheshwari Sonam, Sinha Richa, Patel Neil, Kaiwan Okashah, Goyal Avisham, Kaiwan Oroshay, Padda Inderbir, Uniyal Nidhi, Suhail Mohammed K, Emran Talha Bin, Kaka Nirja, Sethi Yashendra
Government Doon Medical College H.N.B. Medical Education University Dehradun Uttarakhand India.
PearResearch Dehradun India.
Public Health Chall. 2025 Aug 18;4(3):e70102. doi: 10.1002/puh2.70102. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Anemia remains a persistent public health challenge in India, disproportionately affecting women and undermining maternal and reproductive health outcomes. Despite nationwide efforts, the burden of anemia continues to vary widely across regions, reflecting complex socio-demographic determinants. This study aims to identify region-specific risk factors for anemia among non-pregnant women in East and West Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). A secondary data analysis was conducted to explore socio-demographic correlates of anemia among non-pregnant females in East and West UP. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were employed to analyze various explanatory variables. For variables not meeting the proportional odds assumptions, ordinal variables were binary categorized. Significant regional differences in the correlates of anemia were identified. In West UP, higher odds of anemia were associated with rural residency, alcoholism (odds ratio [OR] = 1.153; < 0.01), heart disease (OR = 1.155; < 0.01), younger age, economic disadvantage, illiteracy (OR = 1.335; < 0.01), and underweight status (OR = 1.523; = 0.012). In East UP, higher odds of anemia were associated with illiteracy (OR = 1.095; = 0.010), having a child aged ≤48 months (OR = 1.296; < 0.01), breastfeeding (OR = 1.067; < 0.01), alcoholism (OR = 1.155; < 0.01), hypertension (OR = 1.502; < 0.01), and underweight status (OR = 1.523; = 0.012). The study highlights significant differences in the socio-epidemiological correlates of anemia between East and West UP. A universal public health policy is insufficient to address these disparities. Instead, a "Precision Public Policy" tailored to the specific needs of each region is necessary to improve implementation and outcomes.
贫血在印度仍然是一个持续存在的公共卫生挑战，对女性的影响尤为严重，并损害了孕产妇和生殖健康结果。尽管在全国范围内做出了努力，但贫血负担在各地区之间仍存在很大差异，这反映了复杂的社会人口学决定因素。本研究旨在利用全国家庭健康调查（NFHS-5）的数据，确定印度北方邦东部和西部非孕妇贫血的地区特异性风险因素。进行了二次数据分析，以探讨北方邦东部和西部非孕妇贫血的社会人口学相关因素。采用二元和有序逻辑回归模型分析各种解释变量。对于不满足比例优势假设的变量，将有序变量进行二元分类。确定了贫血相关因素的显著区域差异。在北方邦西部，贫血几率较高与农村居住、酗酒（优势比[OR]=1.153；<0.01）、心脏病（OR=1.155；<0.01）、年龄较小、经济劣势、文盲（OR=1.335；<0.01）和体重不足状态（OR=1.523；=0.012）有关。在北方邦东部，贫血几率较高与文盲（OR=1.095；=0.010）、有年龄≤48个月的孩子（OR=1.296；<0.01）、母乳喂养（OR=1.067；<0.01）、酗酒（OR=1.155；<0.01）、高血压（OR=1.502；<0.01）和体重不足状态（OR=1.523；=0.012）有关。该研究突出了北方邦东部和西部贫血社会流行病学相关因素的显著差异。通用的公共卫生政策不足以解决这些差异。相反，需要一项针对每个地区具体需求的“精准公共政策”，以改善实施情况和结果。
