Knowlden Adam P, Grandner Michael A, Robbins Rebecca
The University of Alabama.
University of Arizona.
Health Behav Res. 2018 Apr;1(2). doi: 10.4148/2572-1836.1011. Epub 2018 May 16.
Approximately 35% of men in the United States are obese, though little theoretical work examining predictors correlates of obesity exists for this population. The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of Bandura's social cognitive model of health behavior to account for variance in fruit and vegetable consumption, moderate physical activity, and sleep behavior in overweight and obese men.
Data were collected from overweight and obese men using previously validated questionnaires. Structural equation models were built to examine the direct and indirect effects the social cognitive theory constructs of self-efficacy, outcome expectation, socio-structural factors, and goals on the behaviors under investigation.
A total of 305 men participated in this study (Mage=44.52; SD=6.95). Overall fit for the social cognitive models of health behavior were adequate, accounting for 35.0%, 31.2%, and 21.1% of the variance in the fruit and vegetable consumption, moderate physical activity, and sleep behavior correlates, respectively. Self-efficacy had the greatest total effect on fruit and vegetable consumption (βtotal=.500) and sleep behavior (βtotal=.406), while goals has the greatest total effect on moderate physical activity (βtotal=.495). The indirect effects of self-efficacy on the three behaviors demonstrates the relative importance of self-efficacy as a mediator for health behavior change.
Men are underrepresented in behavioral obesity prevention and treatment research. This study provides support for the social cognitive model of health behavior as a theoretical framework for predicting behaviors hypothesized to protect against and treat obesity in men. Additionally, this study represents the first attempt to model correlates social cognitive constructs on sleep behavior.
在美国，约35%的男性肥胖，然而针对该人群，研究肥胖预测因素相关性的理论工作较少。本研究的目的是检验班杜拉健康行为社会认知模型解释超重和肥胖男性水果和蔬菜摄入量、适度体育活动及睡眠行为差异的能力。
使用先前验证过的问卷从超重和肥胖男性中收集数据。构建结构方程模型以检验自我效能、结果期望、社会结构因素和目标等社会认知理论结构对所研究行为的直接和间接影响。
共有305名男性参与本研究（年龄均值=44.52；标准差=6.95）。健康行为社会认知模型的整体拟合度良好，分别解释了水果和蔬菜摄入量、适度体育活动及睡眠行为相关性中35.0%、31.2%和21.1%的差异。自我效能对水果和蔬菜摄入量（总效应β=.500）及睡眠行为（总效应β=.406）的总效应最大，而目标对适度体育活动的总效应最大（总效应β=.495）。自我效能对这三种行为的间接效应表明了自我效能作为健康行为改变中介的相对重要性。
在行为肥胖预防和治疗研究中，男性的代表性不足。本研究为健康行为社会认知模型提供了支持，该模型可作为预测假设能预防和治疗男性肥胖行为的理论框架。此外，本研究首次尝试对与睡眠行为相关的社会认知结构进行建模。
