Popiel D A, Susskind E C
Am J Community Psychol. 1985 Dec;13(6):645-76. doi: 10.1007/BF00929794.
This study investigated 25 victims' reactions to sexual assault and the role of social support in their subsequent adjustment. Victims were interviewed 3 months after the assault to gather information about the assault, the type of support they received, and the effects of the assault as measured by two scales of psychological stress: Impact of Events scale and SCL-90-R. Our major findings were that (a) victim's scale scores were significantly elevated, reflecting the considerable distress they were still experiencing; (b) there were significant differences in the availability of support from specific categories of people (e.g., police received significantly high ratings, whereas physicians' ratings were significantly low); (c) the amount of perceived support varied with the stressfulness of the assault; (d) however, contrary to initial hypotheses, the amount of overall support did not predict subsequent adjustment; (e) support from physicians did correlate significantly with both scales of psychological adjustment.
本研究调查了25名性侵犯受害者的反应以及社会支持在他们后续适应过程中的作用。在袭击发生3个月后对受害者进行访谈，以收集有关袭击的信息、他们所获得的支持类型，以及通过两个心理压力量表（事件影响量表和症状自评量表90修订版）衡量的袭击影响。我们的主要发现是：（a）受害者的量表得分显著升高，反映出他们仍在经历的相当大的痛苦；（b）来自特定人群的支持可用性存在显著差异（例如，警方获得的评分显著较高，而医生的评分显著较低）；（c）感知到的支持量因袭击的压力程度而异；（d）然而，与最初的假设相反，总体支持量并不能预测后续的适应情况；（e）来自医生的支持与两个心理适应量表均显著相关。
