Ullman S E
Department of Criminal Justice University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.
Violence Vict. 1996 Summer;11(2):143-57.
The present study investigated whether the type of social reaction(s) experienced by sexual assault victims varies according to the type of social support provider told about the assault in a convenience sample of victims (N = 155) completing a mail survey. Both closed-ended data and open-ended written responses were analyzed to determine the types of social reactions victims experienced from a variety of informal and formal support providers. Tangible aid/information support was reported more often from women disclosing to rape crisis centers, police, and physicians, whereas emotional support/validation was commonly reported by those telling rape crisis centers. Being blamed, treated differently, distracted, and discouraged from talking about the assault were more common responses for women telling physicians or police. Analyses exploring whether the impact of social reactions on victim adjustment varied according to support provider type showed that, as hypothesized, emotional support from friends was related to better recovery than emotional support from other support sources. However, contrary to expectation, the impact of victim blame on adjustment did not vary according to type of support provider. Implications for research on social support and clinical treatment of sexual assault victims are discussed.
本研究调查了性侵犯受害者所经历的社会反应类型是否会因在完成邮件调查的便利样本（N = 155）中被告知性侵犯的社会支持提供者类型而异。对封闭式数据和开放式书面回复进行了分析，以确定受害者从各种非正式和正式支持提供者那里经历的社会反应类型。向强奸危机中心、警方和医生披露情况的女性更常报告获得实际援助/信息支持，而向强奸危机中心倾诉的人通常报告获得情感支持/认可。对于向医生或警方倾诉的女性来说，被指责、受到不同对待、被转移注意力以及被劝阻谈论性侵犯是更常见的反应。探索社会反应对受害者适应的影响是否因支持提供者类型而异的分析表明，正如所假设的那样，来自朋友的情感支持比来自其他支持来源的情感支持与更好的恢复相关。然而，与预期相反，受害者责备对适应的影响并不因支持提供者类型而异。讨论了对性侵犯受害者社会支持和临床治疗研究的启示。
