Leonhard Anne Katrine, Badre-Esfahani Sara Koed, Larsen Mette Bach, Petersen Lone Kjeld, Seibæk Lene
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 20;20(8):e0323870. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323870. eCollection 2025.
Despite free access to HPV-vaccination, adolescents with an ethnic minority background have an overall lower vaccination coverage due to various barriers needed to be accommodated in a targeted effort. We aim to report the development process of an intervention to increase HPV-vaccination coverage among adolescents with an ethnic minority background.
An iterative co-creation guided by Medical Research Council UK development of complex interventions framework was done. We involved stakeholders throughout the process from the analysis of intervention interest and impact. The development process is described in four phases: 1) Evidence synthesis with focus-group interviews and literature review 2) Acceptability with stakeholders, 3) Elements and context with creation of a logic model, and finally 4) Co-production of material.
The final intervention, "Two shots for life", is a school-based intervention consisting of HPV-education targeting adolescents and parents and HPV-vaccination at school during school hours. The intervention was designed to require the fewest possible resources for implementation sites, being municipality schools with a proportion of pupils >25% with ethnic minority background. Communication focus is HPV-vaccination as a prevention effort, it is mainly delivered face-to-face and written material is available in relevant minority languages as well as visual in appearance.
A combined intervention with both educational and logistical components created with stakeholders is expected to accommodate barriers for HPV-vaccination in ethnic minority communities and increase accessibility and, hence, coverage of HPV-vaccination. By presenting a thorough development process, we expect to achieve transparency that will support future development of similar complex interventions aiming to increase HPV-vaccination coverage among ethnic minorities.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05681169.
尽管人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗可免费接种，但由于需要在有针对性的工作中克服各种障碍，少数族裔背景的青少年总体疫苗接种覆盖率较低。我们旨在报告一项旨在提高少数族裔背景青少年HPV疫苗接种覆盖率的干预措施的开发过程。
在英国医学研究理事会复杂干预措施框架开发的指导下进行了迭代式共创。我们在整个过程中让利益相关者参与进来，从分析干预措施的兴趣和影响开始。开发过程分为四个阶段：1）通过焦点小组访谈和文献综述进行证据综合；2）与利益相关者探讨可接受性；3）通过创建逻辑模型确定要素和背景；最后4）共同制作材料。
最终的干预措施“为生命接种两针”是一项基于学校的干预措施，包括针对青少年和家长的HPV教育以及在上课时间在学校进行HPV疫苗接种。该干预措施旨在为实施地点（即少数族裔背景学生比例>25%的市立学校）所需资源最少。沟通重点是将HPV疫苗接种作为一种预防措施，主要通过面对面进行，并且提供相关少数族裔语言的书面材料以及直观的视觉材料。
与利益相关者共同创建的兼具教育和后勤组成部分的联合干预措施，有望克服少数族裔社区HPV疫苗接种的障碍，提高可及性，从而提高HPV疫苗接种覆盖率。通过展示一个全面的开发过程，我们期望实现透明度，这将支持未来旨在提高少数族裔HPV疫苗接种覆盖率的类似复杂干预措施的开发。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05681169
