Abdulla Mohammed Ameen Hazha
Branch of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
Department of Oncology, Hiwa Hematology and Oncology Hospital, Directorate of Health, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 20;15(1):30549. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12896-6.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among females and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women, with different management modalities. To determine the premenopausal BC patients' clinicopathological and molecular landscape. This retrospective study was conducted on 300 primary BC patients aged 25-50 years at Hiwa Hematology and Oncology Hospital, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from January 2016 to May 2022. Patients underwent definitive management either before chemotherapy or after neo-adjuvant, and on regular follow-up. Patients were interviewed face to face using a well-designed questionnaire to collect the data, including the type of BC and hormonal status. In this study, most of the studied patients were married (90.3%), aged 45-50 years at diagnosis (36%), aged 13-14 years at the first occurrence of menstruation (70.3%), practised breastfeeding (76.7%), parous (85%), and with no surgical history (92%). Most patients (39%) had luminal B subtype, while the fewest (0.34%) had HER2 overexpression. The overall rate of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was 66.7%, while the overall rate of mastectomy was 33.3% among patients. Also, 83.79% of the tumour margin was free, 9.03% was involved, and only 5.7% of the tumour margin was close. The tumour margin involved 20.3% and 15.6% of cases diagnosed with multifocal and multicentric tumour masses, respectively. It is concluded that married, aged, breastfed, and parous women showed the highest incidence of BC. The most prominent cancer subtype was luminal B, with the highest level of BCS. Most BC patients had a 2-5 cm, unifocal tumour mass with stage II-A disease.
乳腺癌（BC）是女性中最常见的癌症，也是女性癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因，其治疗方式多样。为了确定绝经前乳腺癌患者的临床病理和分子特征。本回顾性研究对2016年1月至2022年5月期间在伊拉克苏莱曼尼亚希瓦血液学和肿瘤医院就诊的300例年龄在25至50岁之间的原发性乳腺癌患者进行。患者在化疗前或新辅助治疗后接受了确定性治疗，并进行定期随访。通过精心设计的问卷对患者进行面对面访谈以收集数据，包括乳腺癌类型和激素状态。在本研究中，大多数被研究患者已婚（90.3%），诊断时年龄为45至50岁（36%），初潮年龄为13至14岁（70.3%），曾进行母乳喂养（76.7%），已生育（85%），且无手术史（92%）。大多数患者（39%）为管腔B亚型，而最少的（0.34%）为HER2过表达型。保乳手术（BCS）的总体发生率为66.7%，而乳房切除术的总体发生率在患者中为33.3%。此外，83.79%的肿瘤切缘阴性，9.03%受累，只有5.7%的肿瘤切缘接近。肿瘤切缘受累在诊断为多灶性和多中心肿瘤肿块的病例中分别占20.3%和15.6%。结论是已婚、年龄较大、母乳喂养和已生育的女性乳腺癌发病率最高。最主要的癌症亚型是管腔B型，保乳手术水平最高。大多数乳腺癌患者有一个2至5厘米的单灶性肿瘤肿块，处于II - A期疾病。
