Singh Virender, Baranwal Ajay Kumar, Biswas Amit Kumar, Mishra Ratish Chandra, Singh Ishawar
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharshtra, India.
Department of Zoology, School of Applied Science, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
Asian J Transfus Sci. 2025 Jan-Jun;19(1):48-52. doi: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_111_22. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
Beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia (MHA). Concomitant presence of both BTT and IDA can cause a more severe form of anemia that may increase morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to check the prevalence and assess the impact of IDA on various hematological parameters in BTT subjects.
The present study was conducted at the department of immunohematology and blood transfusion after taking ethical clearance and written informed consent from all the participants. One hundred and sixty-eight known cases of BTT were included in this study. Out of these, 88 were females and the remaining 80 were males with ages ranging from 9 to 65 years. Blood samples collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sterile vacutainers were assessed for complete blood count, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin. All the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 28.0.1.1 (15).
The majority of the patients had MHA on peripheral blood smears. Thirty-nine (23.21%) out of 168 BTT subjects were found to have IDA. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration levels were significantly reduced in patients of Group I (BTT with IDA) when compared to Group II (BTT without IDA). The mean (± standard deviation) value of serum iron, total TIBC, and ferritin showed significant differences between the two groups.
High prevalence of IDA in patients of BTT in the current study suggests that there is a need for careful evaluation in the differentiation and diagnosis of BTT and IDA, especially in females, as IDA is more common in females. Moreover, IDA has a significant impact on various hematological parameters in BTT subjects.
β地中海贫血特征（BTT）和缺铁性贫血（IDA）是小细胞低色素性贫血（MHA）最常见的病因。BTT和IDA同时存在可导致更严重的贫血形式，可能增加发病率和死亡率。因此，本研究旨在检查BTT患者中IDA的患病率，并评估IDA对各项血液学参数的影响。
本研究在免疫血液学和输血科进行，获得了所有参与者的伦理批准和书面知情同意。本研究纳入了168例已知的BTT病例。其中，88例为女性，其余80例为男性，年龄在9至65岁之间。采集于乙二胺四乙酸和无菌真空采血管中的血样进行全血细胞计数、血清铁、总铁结合力（TIBC）和铁蛋白检测。所有数据使用IBM SPSS Statistics软件版本28.0.1.1（15）进行分析。
大多数患者外周血涂片显示为MHA。168例BTT患者中有39例（23.21%）被发现患有IDA。与第二组（无IDA的BTT）相比，第一组（伴有IDA的BTT）患者的血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度水平显著降低。两组之间血清铁、总TIBC和铁蛋白的平均值（±标准差）显示出显著差异。
本研究中BTT患者IDA的高患病率表明，在BTT和IDA的鉴别诊断中需要仔细评估，尤其是在女性中，因为IDA在女性中更常见。此外，IDA对BTT患者的各项血液学参数有显著影响。
