Hao Xinwei, Wang Zimeng, Niu Xiaotong, Li Longsong, Bi Yawei, Chai Ningli
Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 6;12:1619087. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1619087. eCollection 2025.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is pancreatic inflammation caused by abnormal activation of trypsinogen, and moderately severe or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ failure, associated with high mortality. Therefore, early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis is particularly important to improve patient survival rate and reduce complications. Currently, many scoring systems (e.g., Ranson scoring, etc) and classical biomarkers are available in the clinical practice, but there are still many limitations, such as low predictive value and time delay. Potential biomarkers for the prediction of SAP are still a hot topic in current research. In this review, we aim to summarize newly discovered biomarkers for the prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis in the recent years, and provide an overview of serum markers, intestinal flora, and genetic markers. At the same time, the development of emerging detection technologies [e.g., Robust AP Identification and Diagnosis (RAPIDx) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)] also provides new possibilities for early prediction of SAP, allowing these biomarkers to be applied clinically.
急性胰腺炎（AP）是由胰蛋白酶原异常激活引起的胰腺炎症，中度或重度急性胰腺炎（SAP）可导致全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）和器官衰竭，死亡率较高。因此，早期预测急性胰腺炎的严重程度对于提高患者生存率和减少并发症尤为重要。目前，临床实践中有许多评分系统（如兰森评分等）和经典生物标志物，但仍存在许多局限性，如预测价值低和时间延迟。预测SAP的潜在生物标志物仍是当前研究的热点。在本综述中，我们旨在总结近年来新发现的用于预测急性胰腺炎严重程度的生物标志物，并概述血清标志物、肠道菌群和基因标志物。同时，新兴检测技术[如稳健的急性胰腺炎识别与诊断（RAPIDx）和液滴数字PCR（ddPCR）]的发展也为SAP的早期预测提供了新的可能性，使这些生物标志物能够应用于临床。
