Qin Qin, Teng Yan-Fei, Hu Wen Shu, Wei Jing-Yi, Yu Zhong-Dong, Du Ping, Zhang Xiao-Yan, Guo Xia, Chen Meng-Qian, Wei Wei, Du Xi-Hui
College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China.
Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chongqing China.
IMA Fungus. 2025 Aug 12;16:e152685. doi: 10.3897/imafungus.16.152685. eCollection 2025.
species, commonly known as true morels and being cold-preferring fungi, are esteemed for their distinctive flavor as well as significant economic and prominent research value. Chongqing, located in southwestern China and renowned as the "Furnace City" due to its distinctive climate and extremely high summer temperatures, spans an area of 82,400 square kilometers with complex geographical topography, yet has lacked a comprehensive survey of true morels () so far. From 2017 to 2024, we conducted extensive field surveys across 13 districts and counties within Chongqing, resulting in the collection of over 1,000 wild morel samples. Through a combination of multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and microscopic morphological observations, we uncovered a surprisingly high level of species richness of in Chongqing, identifying 13 species in the Esculenta clade (yellow morels) and three species in the Elata clade (black morels), including six newly described species: , , , , , and Notably, , previously documented only in Japan, is reported for the first time in China. Furthermore, significant divergence in species diversity between the Esculenta and Elata clades of has been observed in Chongqing, which is strongly influenced and shaped by the prevailing vegetation. The distribution pattern of species suggests that the impact of high summer temperatures on species diversity in Chongqing is partially mitigated by locally diverse mountainous habitats. In addition, the habitats of and , the two most widely distributed species in Chongqing, exhibit higher vegetation diversity, suggesting that species with greater habitat adaptability tend to have broader geographic ranges. This study provides valuable insights into the species diversity and distribution pattern of , particularly in a region with unique climatic and ecological conditions, and highlights the need for further study into the correlation between vegetation and species.
羊肚菌属物种，通常被称为真正的羊肚菌，是喜冷真菌，因其独特的风味以及重要的经济和显著的研究价值而备受推崇。重庆位于中国西南部，因其独特的气候和极高的夏季气温而被誉为“火炉城”，面积8.24万平方公里，地理地形复杂，但迄今为止尚未对羊肚菌进行全面调查。2017年至2024年，我们在重庆的13个区县进行了广泛的实地调查，采集了1000多个野生羊肚菌样本。通过多基因系统发育分析和微观形态观察相结合，我们发现重庆的羊肚菌物种丰富度惊人地高，在尖顶羊肚菌分支（黄色羊肚菌）中鉴定出13个物种，在高羊肚菌分支（黑色羊肚菌）中鉴定出3个物种，包括6个新描述的物种：[具体物种名1]、[具体物种名2]、[具体物种名3]、[具体物种名4]、[具体物种名5]和[具体物种名6]。值得注意的是，[物种名]此前仅在日本有记录，此次在中国首次报道。此外，在重庆观察到羊肚菌的尖顶羊肚菌分支和高羊肚菌分支之间物种多样性存在显著差异，这受到当地主要植被的强烈影响和塑造。羊肚菌物种的分布模式表明，夏季高温对重庆物种多样性的影响在一定程度上被当地多样的山地栖息地所缓解。此外，重庆分布最广的两个物种[物种名1]和[物种名2]的栖息地表现出更高的植被多样性，这表明具有更强栖息地适应性的羊肚菌物种往往具有更广泛的地理分布范围。本研究为羊肚菌的物种多样性和分布模式提供了有价值的见解, 特别是在一个具有独特气候和生态条件的地区，并强调了进一步研究植被与羊肚菌物种之间相关性的必要性。
