Kashi Milad, Varseh Mahdieh, Askarinia Marzieh, Ghasemikhah Reza, Chegini Zahra, Shariati Aref
Student research committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Aug 22;207(10):236. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04434-9.
Bacterial biofilms play a significant role in increasing antibiotic resistance and the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli; their control is a major challenge in treating bacterial infections. In recent years, natural compounds have emerged as effective alternatives for inhibiting the formation and destruction of bacterial biofilms. Natural compounds such as curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, quercetin, resveratrol, thymol, citral, and catechin are noteworthy in hindering and destroying E. coli biofilms. They inhibit bacterial motility (swarming and swimming), reducing attachment to surfaces, and downregulate genes related to attachment and motility (fimH, csgABC, sfaAS, papG, fliAC, flhCD, and motAB). Natural compounds can also disrupt the bacterial communication system and cause changes in the expression of luxS, sdiA, tnaA, qseBC, bssS, and lsrR genes. Studies have also shown that natural compounds can destroy mature biofilms' structure and decrease biofilm exopolysaccharides' production. This impact makes the bacteria more sensitive to the antimicrobial agents. However, one of the biggest challenges in using natural compounds is their low stability and restricted bioavailability in biological environments. For this reason, utilizing nanoparticles and novel drug delivery systems can improve these compounds' stability, penetrability, and efficacy. This article reviews the antibiofilm potential of natural compounds, their mechanisms of activity in hindering and destroying E. coli biofilms, and the role of nanotechnology in improving the performance of these compounds.
细菌生物膜在增加抗生素耐药性和大肠杆菌致病过程中发挥着重要作用；对其进行控制是治疗细菌感染的一项重大挑战。近年来，天然化合物已成为抑制细菌生物膜形成和破坏的有效替代物。姜黄素、肉桂醛、丁香酚、香芹酚、槲皮素、白藜芦醇、百里香酚、柠檬醛和儿茶素等天然化合物在阻碍和破坏大肠杆菌生物膜方面值得关注。它们抑制细菌运动性（群体运动和游动），减少对表面的附着，并下调与附着和运动性相关的基因（fimH、csgABC、sfaAS、papG、fliAC、flhCD和motAB）。天然化合物还可破坏细菌通讯系统，并导致luxS、sdiA、tnaA、qseBC、bssS和lsrR基因表达发生变化。研究还表明，天然化合物可破坏成熟生物膜的结构，并减少生物膜胞外多糖的产生。这种影响使细菌对抗菌剂更敏感。然而，使用天然化合物的最大挑战之一是它们在生物环境中的稳定性低和生物利用度受限。因此，利用纳米颗粒和新型药物递送系统可提高这些化合物的稳定性、渗透性和功效。本文综述了天然化合物的抗生物膜潜力、它们在阻碍和破坏大肠杆菌生物膜中的作用机制以及纳米技术在提高这些化合物性能方面的作用。
