The use of X-ray computed tomography for advanced detection of Globodera pallida.

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), namely Globodera pallida, pose a significant threat to potato production worldwide. Accurately quantifying nematode population densities is crucial for effective management strategies. However, traditional detection methods are time-consuming and often imprecise. X-ray computed tomography (CT) offers high-resolution, non-destructive and three-dimensional (3D) imaging frequently used to visualise internal structures of objects, materials or biological tissues, allowing for detailed analysis of their composition, defects, and morphology. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of X-ray CT in detecting and quantifying PCN cysts in two different soil types. The ability to achieve 3D imaging and volume quantification of PCN cysts from soils allows accurate enumeration of their egg content. Combined with the potential to co-analyse other organisms within the same sample, we propose X-ray CT as an innovative tool for comprehensive soil health assessments and sustainable pest management in agriculture.