Çilesiz Yeter
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Field Crops, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 22;15(1):30850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15184-5.
Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a globally important nut crop valued for its nutritional and economic benefits. Despite Türkiye's importance as a walnut producer, molecular characterization of local genotypes, particularly from historically cultivated regions such as inner Anatolia remains limited. This study assessed the genetic diversity of 18 walnut genotypes from the inner Anatolia region, Türkiye using two molecular marker systems, including Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The polymorphic bands were scored to calculate Jaccard similarity coefficients. Genetic relationships were analyzed using UPGMA dendrograms and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 72 bands (54 polymorphic; 75.0%) were generated by nine ISSR primers, and 53 bands (42 polymorphic; 79.2%) by five RAPD primers. Both marker systems indicated moderate genetic diversity within the genotypes. Genotypes 'G3', 'G6', and 'G9' had identical banding patterns (similarity = 1.00), likely attributable to their proximate geographic origin and same propagation history, whereas 'G12' and 'G14' were identified as genetically different. Population structure analysis demonstrated consistent clustering patterns, revealing both homogeneous and admixed genotypes. The Mantel test demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.81, p < 0.05) between genetic matrices derived from ISSR and RAPD, verifying marker congruence. The results highlight the effectiveness of using ISSR and RAPD markers as an economical method for evaluating genetic structure in under-characterized germplasm. The identification of genetically different genotypes is crucial for conservation and breeding techniques aimed at enhancing traits and genetic resilience in walnuts.
普通核桃（Juglans regia L.）是一种具有全球重要性的坚果作物，因其营养和经济效益而备受重视。尽管土耳其作为核桃生产国具有重要地位，但当地基因型的分子特征，特别是来自安纳托利亚内陆等历史种植地区的基因型，仍然有限。本研究使用两种分子标记系统，包括简单重复序列区间（ISSR）和随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD），评估了来自土耳其安纳托利亚内陆地区的18个核桃基因型的遗传多样性。对多态性条带进行评分以计算杰卡德相似系数。使用非加权组平均法（UPGMA）树状图和主成分分析（PCA）分析遗传关系。9条ISSR引物共产生72条带（54条多态性条带；75.0%），5条RAPD引物产生53条带（42条多态性条带；79.2%）。两种标记系统均表明基因型内具有中等遗传多样性。基因型“G3”、“G6”和“G9”具有相同条带模式（相似性=1.00），这可能归因于它们相近的地理起源和相同的繁殖历史，而“G12”和“G14”被鉴定为遗传上不同。群体结构分析显示出一致的聚类模式，揭示了纯合和混合基因型。曼特尔检验表明，源自ISSR和RAPD的遗传矩阵之间存在强相关性（r = 0.81，p < 0.05），验证了标记一致性。结果突出了使用ISSR和RAPD标记作为评估特征描述不足的种质遗传结构的经济方法的有效性。鉴定遗传上不同的基因型对于旨在增强核桃性状和遗传恢复力的保护和育种技术至关重要。
