Long YiXi, Li Mengxin, Su Ya, Yu Qiang, Rong Yuanjiang, Xi Yulong, Sun Hong, Xie Yixiao, Hao Jun, Chen Chao, Zheng Yulong, Yang Fuyu
College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Aug 23;25(1):533. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04185-z.
Ferulic acid possesses certain antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Additionally, ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and cellulolytic enzymes have been associated with synergistic degradation of ferulic acid ester bonds, thereby facilitating greater release of ferulic acid from lignocellulose, which could have important effects on silage quality and aerobic stability.
This study examined the effects of ensiling Broussonetia papyrifera with FAE-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), cellulase (CE) and xylanase (XY) under aerobic exposure conditions. The following treatments were used: distilled water (CK), LP, LP + CE, LP + XY and LP + XY + CE. After 60 days of silage treatment, the samples were unsealed for aerobic exposure for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days.
Compared with the CK treatment, the addition of FAE-producing L. plantarum significantly (P < 0.05) led to lower pH, reduced dry matter loss of the silage and increased lactic acid (LA) concentration after 60 d of ensiling (especially for the LP + CE and LP + CE + XY groups). During the aerobic exposure stage, the combined treatment with LP and enzymes effectively inhibited the increase in pH, significantly reduced the rate of dry matter loss and increased the LA concentration and aerobic stability of the silage (P < 0.05). Moreover, the LP + CE and LP + CE + XY treatment groups exhibited higher ferulic acid levels than the other groups did, corresponding with greater aerobic stability, especially for the LP + CE group, which remained stable. In this group, the pH values showed minimal change, increasing by only 0.31 (4.24-4.55) after 7 days of aerobic exposure. In addition, the LP and enzyme co-treatment was linked to shifts in the microbial community of the silage during aerobic exposure, with increased relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and its abundance positively correlated with lactic acid and ferulic acid concentrations, while negatively correlated with ammonia nitrogen; and inhibited proliferation of spoilage-related bacteria (Enterobacter, Gluconobacter and Cladosporium).
The combination of FAE-producing L. plantarum and cellulase can be used as an effective method to increase the preservation efficiency and aerobic stability of B. papyrifera silage.
阿魏酸具有一定的抗氧化和抗菌特性。此外，阿魏酸酯酶（FAE）和纤维素分解酶与阿魏酸酯键的协同降解有关，从而促进从木质纤维素中释放更多的阿魏酸，这可能对青贮饲料质量和有氧稳定性产生重要影响。
本研究考察了在有氧暴露条件下，用产FAE的植物乳杆菌（LP）、纤维素酶（CE）和木聚糖酶（XY）青贮构树的效果。采用以下处理：蒸馏水（CK）、LP、LP + CE、LP + XY和LP + XY + CE。青贮处理60天后，开封样品进行1、3、5或7天的有氧暴露。
与CK处理相比，添加产FAE的植物乳杆菌显著（P < 0.05）降低了pH值，减少了青贮饲料的干物质损失，并在青贮60天后提高了乳酸（LA）浓度（特别是LP + CE和LP + CE + XY组）。在有氧暴露阶段，LP与酶的联合处理有效抑制了pH值的升高，显著降低了干物质损失率，并提高了青贮饲料的LA浓度和有氧稳定性（P < 0.05）。此外，LP + CE和LP + CE + XY处理组的阿魏酸水平高于其他组，这与更高的有氧稳定性相对应，尤其是LP + CE组，其保持稳定。在该组中，pH值变化最小，有氧暴露7天后仅增加0.31（4.24 - 4.55）。此外，LP与酶的联合处理与有氧暴露期间青贮饲料微生物群落的变化有关，植物乳杆菌的相对丰度增加，其丰度与乳酸和阿魏酸浓度呈正相关，与氨态氮呈负相关；并抑制了与腐败相关细菌（肠杆菌、葡萄糖酸杆菌和枝孢菌）的增殖。
产FAE的植物乳杆菌与纤维素酶的组合可作为提高构树青贮饲料保存效率和有氧稳定性的有效方法。
