Yurekturk Sehriban, Cakırca Tuba Damar, Gurbuz Esra, Aydemir Selahattin, Ekici Abdurrahman
Vocational School of Health Services Van, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Türkiye.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2026 Jan;114(1):117068. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117068. Epub 2025 Aug 14.
This study investigate opportunistic pathogens Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis, and microsporidia species in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using molecular methods, and to identify associated risk factors.
The study included 100 randomly selected HIV-seropositive patients, along with 50 healthy individuals as the control group. Participants who reported receiving antiparasitic treatment during the study period were excluded. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Blastocystis and microsporidia, while nested PCR was employed to identify Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis.
Blastocystis was found in 22% of the of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, as was microsporidia in 17%, Cryptosporidium spp. in 12%, and G. intestinalis in 11%. In the control group, Blastocystis was detected in 8%, microsporidia in 6% and Cryptosporidium spp. in 2%, while G. intestinalis was not detected. The differences in the prevalence of G. intestinalis (p = 0.001), Cryptosporidium spp. (p = 0.009), microsporidia (p = 0.013), and Blastocystis (p = 0.029) between the patient and control groups were statistically significant. Multiple parasitic infections were identified in 12% of HIV/AIDS patients, whereas no cases of multiple parasitism were observed in the control group.
HIV/AIDS patients were found to be at increased risk for G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium spp., microsporidia, and Blastocystis. Given the presence of multiple parasitism, stool samples from HIV/AIDS patients should be routinely screened using comprehensive diagnostic methods targeting all major intestinal parasites.
本研究采用分子方法调查人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染患者中的机会性病原体隐孢子虫属、肠贾第虫、芽囊原虫和微孢子虫，并确定相关危险因素。
该研究纳入了100名随机选择的HIV血清阳性患者，以及50名健康个体作为对照组。排除在研究期间报告接受过抗寄生虫治疗的参与者。采用常规聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测芽囊原虫和微孢子虫，而巢式PCR用于鉴定隐孢子虫属和肠贾第虫。
在22%的HIV/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者中发现了芽囊原虫，17%的患者中发现了微孢子虫，12%的患者中发现了隐孢子虫属，11%的患者中发现了肠贾第虫。在对照组中，8%的个体检测到芽囊原虫，6%的个体检测到微孢子虫，2%的个体检测到隐孢子虫属，而未检测到肠贾第虫。患者组和对照组之间肠贾第虫（p = 0.001）、隐孢子虫属（p = 0.009）、微孢子虫（p = 0.013）和芽囊原虫（p = 0.029）的感染率差异具有统计学意义。12%的HIV/AIDS患者存在多重寄生虫感染，而对照组未观察到多重寄生虫感染病例。
发现HIV/AIDS患者感染肠贾第虫、隐孢子虫属、微孢子虫和芽囊原虫的风险增加。鉴于存在多重寄生虫感染，应使用针对所有主要肠道寄生虫的综合诊断方法对HIV/AIDS患者的粪便样本进行常规筛查。
